Nokea
Which is the most significant consequence of the excessive use of defense mechanisms?
- A. Emotions will be experienced intensely.
- B. Problem-solving will be limited.
- C. The superego will be suppressed.
- D. Learning and the ability to grow will be enhanced.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because excessive use of defense mechanisms can hinder problem-solving skills by avoiding facing reality and finding constructive solutions. Defense mechanisms are psychological strategies that individuals unconsciously use to cope with anxiety and protect the ego. By relying too heavily on these mechanisms, individuals may overlook important issues, leading to limited problem-solving abilities. This can result in difficulties in adapting to challenges and impede personal growth. Emotions being experienced intensely (A) is not the most significant consequence as it is a natural response to certain situations and does not directly relate to defense mechanisms. The superego being suppressed (C) is not a direct consequence of defense mechanisms but may occur as a result of unresolved conflicts. Learning and growth being enhanced (D) is incorrect as excessive defense mechanisms can actually hinder learning and personal development.
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After fasting from 10 p.m. the previous evening, a client finds out that the blood test has been canceled. The client swears at the nurse and states, You are incompetent! Which is the nurses best response?
- A. Do you believe that I was the cause of your blood test being canceled?
- B. I see that you are upset, but I feel uncomfortable when you swear at me.
- C. Have you ever thought about ways to express anger appropriately?
- D. Ill give you some space. Let me know if you need anything.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: "I see that you are upset, but I feel uncomfortable when you swear at me." This response acknowledges the client's emotion while setting a boundary against inappropriate behavior. It demonstrates empathy towards the client's feelings without condoning the swearing. It also communicates the nurse's discomfort with the behavior, which can help in de-escalating the situation.
A: Choice A deflects responsibility and may come off as defensive, not addressing the client's emotions directly.
C: Choice C shifts the focus away from the client's immediate distress and may not be well-received in the heat of the moment.
D: Choice D, while giving space, doesn't address the behavior directly and may not effectively address the client's emotions or the impact of their actions on the nurse.
A psychiatric nurse uses Sullivans theories in group and individual therapy. According to Sullivan and other theorists like him, how are client symptoms viewed behaviors that are maintained because they are reinforced?
- A. Client symptoms are viewed as responses to anxiety arising from interpersonal relationships.
- B. Client symptoms are viewed as internal conflicts arising from early childhood trauma.
- C. Client symptoms are viewed as the misinterpretations of experiences.
- D. Client symptoms are viewed as learned
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because Sullivan and other theorists like him believe that client symptoms are viewed as internal conflicts arising from early childhood trauma. Sullivan emphasized the impact of early relationships on personality development, suggesting that unresolved conflicts from childhood can manifest as symptoms in adulthood. This perspective aligns with psychodynamic theories that emphasize the role of unconscious processes and early experiences in shaping behavior.
Choice A is incorrect because it focuses on anxiety arising from interpersonal relationships, which is more aligned with interpersonal theories rather than Sullivan's emphasis on childhood experiences. Choice C is incorrect as it suggests misinterpretations of experiences, which does not fully capture the depth of internal conflicts highlighted by Sullivan. Choice D is incorrect as it simplifies client symptoms as learned behaviors without considering the underlying emotional conflicts rooted in early childhood experiences, as emphasized by Sullivan.
From an interpersonal theory perspective, which intervention would a nurse use to assist a client diagnosed with major depressive disorder?
- A. Offer family therapy sessions
- B. Discuss childhood events
- C. Teach alternate coping skills
- D. Encourage discussion of feelings
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because family therapy sessions can help address underlying family dynamics contributing to the client's depression. This intervention aligns with interpersonal theory, which focuses on improving relationships and communication within the client's social network. Family therapy can enhance support systems and promote healthier interactions.
Option B is incorrect as discussing childhood events may not directly address current interpersonal difficulties. Option C, teaching coping skills, is helpful but may not target the interpersonal issues specific to major depressive disorder. Option D, encouraging discussion of feelings, is important but may not address the broader interpersonal dynamics impacting the client's condition.
A nurse directs the client interaction and plans for interventions to achieve client goals. According to Peplaus framework for psychodynamic nursing, what therapeutic role is this nurse assuming?
- A. The role of technical expert
- B. The role of resource person
- C. The role of teacher
- D. The role of leader
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: The role of leader. In Peplau's framework, the nurse in this scenario is assuming the therapeutic role of a leader because they are directing client interactions and planning interventions to achieve client goals. This role involves guiding and facilitating the therapeutic process, fostering a collaborative relationship with the client, and empowering them to make decisions and progress towards their goals.
A: The role of technical expert is incorrect because it focuses more on providing specialized knowledge and skills rather than leading and directing client interactions.
B: The role of resource person is incorrect as it typically involves providing information and support, but not necessarily directing client interactions and planning interventions.
C: The role of teacher is incorrect because while education and guidance are important in nursing, it does not fully capture the leadership and direction involved in the scenario described.
Which client statement reflects an understanding of the effect of circadian rhythms on a person?
- A. When I dream about my mothers horrible train accident, I become hysterical. B. I get really irritable during my menstrual cycle.C. Im a morning person. I get my best work done in the a.m.
- B. Every February, I tend to experience periods of sadness.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because the client statement "I'm a morning person. I get my best work done in the a.m." reflects an understanding of circadian rhythms. Circadian rhythms are the body's internal clock that regulates the sleep-wake cycle and influences energy levels and productivity throughout the day. Being a morning person indicates that this individual's peak productivity aligns with their body's natural circadian rhythm, which typically results in better performance during the morning hours.
Choice A is incorrect as it relates to a traumatic dream triggering hysteria, not circadian rhythms. Choice B is incorrect as it mentions experiencing sadness in February, which is more likely related to seasonal affective disorder rather than circadian rhythms.