Nokea
Which lab value is critical to monitor in patients receiving warfarin therapy?
- A. Monitor INR
- B. Monitor potassium levels
- C. Monitor platelet count
- D. Monitor sodium levels
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Monitor INR. INR (International Normalized Ratio) is crucial to monitor in patients receiving warfarin therapy. INR measures the blood's ability to clot and is used to ensure that patients are within the therapeutic range for warfarin therapy. This is important to prevent both clotting disorders and bleeding complications. Monitoring potassium levels (choice B) is not directly related to warfarin therapy. Platelet count (choice C) and sodium levels (choice D) are important parameters but are not as critical to monitor specifically for patients on warfarin therapy.
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Which lab test is used to assess renal function?
- A. Check blood glucose levels
- B. Monitor serum creatinine
- C. Monitor BUN
- D. Check electrolyte levels
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Monitor serum creatinine. Serum creatinine is a key indicator of renal function as it reflects the glomerular filtration rate. An increase in serum creatinine levels indicates impaired kidney function. Checking blood glucose levels (choice A) is not specific to assessing renal function but is used to diagnose diabetes. Monitoring BUN (choice C) is important but not as specific as serum creatinine in assessing renal function. Checking electrolyte levels (choice D) is essential in assessing kidney function but is not as specific as monitoring serum creatinine.
A client is receiving a new prescription for enoxaparin. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Rub the injection site after administration.
- B. Pinch the skin while administering the injection.
- C. Aspirate before administering the medication.
- D. Avoid taking aspirin while using this medication.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: 'Avoid taking aspirin while using this medication.' Enoxaparin is an anticoagulant medication, and taking aspirin concurrently can increase the risk of bleeding. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. A nurse should not instruct the client to rub the injection site after administration as it may cause irritation. Pinching the skin while administering the injection is not recommended for enoxaparin injections. Aspirating before administering the medication is also unnecessary as enoxaparin is administered subcutaneously, not intramuscularly.
What is the best nursing intervention for a patient experiencing fluid overload?
- A. Administer diuretics
- B. Administer IV fluids
- C. Provide oral fluids
- D. Provide chest physiotherapy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The best nursing intervention for a patient experiencing fluid overload is to administer diuretics. Diuretics help the body to remove excess fluid by increasing urine output. This intervention is crucial in managing fluid overload. Administering IV fluids (Choice B) would worsen the condition by adding more fluids to the already overloaded system. Providing oral fluids (Choice C) is not appropriate as it would further contribute to the fluid overload. Chest physiotherapy (Choice D) is not indicated in the treatment of fluid overload and would not address the underlying issue of excess fluid accumulation.
A client with osteoporosis is being taught by a nurse about preventing bone loss. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Take a calcium supplement once a day.
- B. Avoid weight-bearing exercises.
- C. Walk for 30 minutes 3 times per week.
- D. Increase intake of high-phosphorus foods.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Walk for 30 minutes 3 times per week.' Walking is a weight-bearing exercise that helps prevent bone loss and improve overall health in clients with osteoporosis. Option A is incorrect because while calcium is essential for bone health, simply taking a supplement is not sufficient for preventing bone loss. Option B is incorrect because weight-bearing exercises are actually beneficial for improving bone density and strength. Option D is incorrect because high-phosphorus foods do not play a significant role in preventing bone loss in osteoporosis.
How should a healthcare professional monitor a patient for infection post-surgery?
- A. Monitor the surgical site
- B. Monitor for fever
- C. Check blood pressure
- D. Check for redness
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Monitoring the surgical site is crucial to identify early signs of infection post-surgery. Redness, swelling, warmth, or discharge at the surgical site can indicate an infection. While monitoring for fever (choice B) is important as fever can also be a sign of infection, it may not always present immediately post-surgery. Checking blood pressure (choice C) is essential for other purposes but not specifically for monitoring infection post-surgery. Checking for redness (choice D) is limited as redness alone may not always indicate an infection, so it is not as comprehensive as monitoring the surgical site.