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Which laboratory results would the nurse expect to be elevated if the client had a myocardial infarction (MI)?
- A. Isoenzymes and troponin
- B. Sodium and potassium
- C. Red blood cells and platelets
- D. Plasminogen and lactic acid
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Troponin and cardiac isoenzymes (e.g., CK-MB) are specific markers of myocardial damage in MI.
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A client with angina will have to make lifestyle modifications. Which of the following statements by the client would indicate that he understands the necessary modifications in lifestyle to prevent angina attacks?
- A. I know that I will need to eat less, so I will only eat one meal a day.'
- B. I will need to stay in bed all the time so I won't have the pain.'
- C. I'll stop what I'm doing whenever I have pain and take a pill.'
- D. I will need to walk more slowly and rest frequently to avoid the angina.'
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Walking slowly and resting frequently helps prevent angina by reducing cardiac workload. Eating one meal a day, staying in bed, or only stopping during pain do not address preventive lifestyle modifications.
When gathering nursing assessment data, which finding will adults with chronic cardiac diseases most frequently, the client is a good treatment.
- A. Barrel-shaped chest
- B. Flushed facial skin
- C. Clubbed fingertips
- D. Chest pain
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Clubbed fingertips are common in chronic cardiac diseases due to chronic hypoxia.
When the client asks the nurse how cholesterol acts as a cardiac risk factor, what is the best explanation?
- A. Excess fat in the blood expands the circulating blood volume.
- B. Excess fat in the blood thickens the lining of the arteries.
- C. Excess fat in the blood causes slower blood clotting.
- D. Excess fat in the blood stimulates the heart to beat faster.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: High cholesterol contributes to atherosclerosis, where excess fat (lipids) deposits thicken and harden the arterial walls, narrowing the lumen and increasing cardiac risk.
Which response by the nurse is most appropriate at this time?
- A. What are your concerns?
- B. Why are you so scared?
- C. Your doctor says you are doing just fine.
- D. You need to concentrate on getting well.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Asking about concerns encourages the client to express fears, facilitating emotional support and reducing anxiety.
If each tablet of digoxin (Lanoxin) contains 0.25 mg, how much should the nurse administer to the client each day?
- A. 0.5 tablets
- B. 1 tablet
- C. 0.25 tablets
- D. 0.125 tablets
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: For a 0.125 mg dose with 0.25 mg tablets, administer 0.5 tablets (0.125 mg ÷ 0.25 mg = 0.5).