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Which leadership style is most effective in a crisis situation?
- A. Democratic
- B. Autocratic
- C. Transformational
- D. Laissez-faire
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Autocratic. In a crisis situation, quick and decisive actions are crucial. An autocratic leadership style allows for immediate decision-making and clear direction, which is essential in rapidly changing and high-stress environments. This style ensures swift responses and minimizes confusion or delays.
Incorrect choices:
A: Democratic leadership involves group decision-making, which may be time-consuming and not suitable for urgent crisis situations.
C: Transformational leadership focuses on inspiring and empowering others, which may not be as effective in a crisis when quick and direct actions are needed.
D: Laissez-faire leadership gives employees a high degree of freedom and independence, which can lead to chaos and lack of direction in a crisis scenario.
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The nurse has been teaching a patient with type 2 diabetes about managing blood glucose
levels and taking glipizide (Glucotrol). Which patient statement indicates a need for additional
teaching?
- A. “If I overeat at a meal, I will still take the usual dose of medication.”
- B. “Other medications besides the Glucotrol may affect my blood sugar.”
- C. “When I am ill, I may have to take insulin to control my blood sugar.”
- D. “My diabetes won’t cause complications because I don’t need insulin.”
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. This statement indicates a need for additional teaching because it shows a lack of understanding about diabetes complications. Here's the rationale:
1. Diabetes can lead to complications even if the patient doesn't need insulin.
2. Complications like heart disease, neuropathy, and kidney damage can still occur in type 2 diabetes.
3. Believing that not needing insulin means no complications is a misconception.
4. Patients with type 2 diabetes need to manage their condition carefully to prevent complications.
5. Therefore, educating the patient about potential complications is crucial for their overall health.
What is the primary responsibility of a clinical nurse leader (CNL)?
- A. Supervise nursing staff
- B. Coordinate patient care
- C. Develop nursing policies
- D. Implement evidence-based practice
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The primary responsibility of a clinical nurse leader (CNL) is to coordinate patient care. This involves overseeing the care provided to patients, ensuring proper communication between healthcare team members, and promoting efficient and effective care delivery. CNLs focus on improving patient outcomes and quality of care by coordinating various aspects of patient care. Supervising nursing staff (A) is typically the responsibility of nurse managers or charge nurses. Developing nursing policies (C) is usually the role of nurse educators or nurse administrators. Implementing evidence-based practice (D) is important for all nurses but is not the primary responsibility of a CNL, whose main focus is on coordinating patient care.
A nurse recognizes which of the following as a primary goal of nursing?
- A. Assist patients to achieve a peaceful death.
- B. Improve personal knowledge and skills to enhance patient outcomes.
- C. Advocate for quality of life over the quantity of life.
- D. Work to control costs to enhance patients' quality of life.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the primary goal of nursing is to provide holistic care, which includes helping patients achieve a peaceful death. This involves promoting comfort, dignity, and emotional support for patients and their families at the end of life. Choice B focuses on personal development, not the primary goal of nursing. Choice C emphasizes quality of life, which is important but not the primary goal. Choice D prioritizes cost control, which is not the central focus of nursing care. Overall, assisting patients to achieve a peaceful death reflects the essence of nursing care and the importance of compassion and support in end-of-life situations.
A nurse is planning an educational program for a group of older adults at a senior living center. Which of the following recommendations should the nurse include?
- A. You should receive a pneumococcal vaccine when you are 65 years old.
- B. You should receive a shingles vaccine when you are 70 years old.
- C. You should receive a tetanus booster every 5 years.
- D. You should have an eye examination every 2 years.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: Choice A is correct because the pneumococcal vaccine is recommended for adults aged 65 and older to prevent pneumonia and other pneumococcal diseases. This recommendation aligns with the age group of the older adults at the senior living center. A shingles vaccine is actually recommended at age 50, not 70 (B). Tetanus boosters are recommended every 10 years, not 5 (C). Eye examinations are typically recommended annually, not every 2 years (D). Therefore, choice A is the most appropriate recommendation for the nurse to include in the educational program.
Which finding indicates a need to contact the health care provider before the nurse
administers metformin (Glucophage)?
- A. The patient’s blood glucose level is 174 mg/dL.
- B. The patient has gained 2 lb (0.9 kg) since yesterday.
- C. The patient is scheduled for a chest x-ray in an hour
- D. The patient’s blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level is 52 mg/dL.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because an elevated BUN level of 52 mg/dL indicates potential kidney dysfunction, which is a contraindication for metformin due to the risk of lactic acidosis.
A: Blood glucose level of 174 mg/dL is slightly high but not a contraindication for metformin.
B: Weight gain is unrelated to metformin administration.
C: Chest x-ray does not directly impact metformin administration.