Nokea
Which material has the smallest specific heat capacity?
- A. water
- B. wood
- C. aluminum
- D. glass
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Specific heat capacity refers to the amount of heat energy needed to raise the temperature of a substance by a certain amount. In this context, aluminum has the smallest specific heat capacity among the materials listed. This means that aluminum requires the least amount of heat energy to increase its temperature compared to water, wood, and glass. As a result, aluminum is the material with the smallest specific heat capacity in this scenario.
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What is the term for the reactant that is entirely consumed in a reaction?
- A. limiting reactant
- B. reducing agent
- C. reaction intermediate
- D. reagent
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The term for the reactant that is entirely consumed in a reaction is the limiting reactant. The limiting reactant is crucial in determining the maximum amount of product that can be formed as it is fully consumed in the reaction. The other choices, reducing agent, reaction intermediate, and reagent, do not specifically refer to the reactant that is completely consumed during the reaction process. Identifying the limiting reactant is essential for calculating the theoretical yield of a reaction and understanding the stoichiometry of the reaction.
Chemical reactions in living systems proceed along catabolic pathways, and there tends to be an increase in which of the following?
- A. Entropy
- B. Enthalpy
- C. Glucose
- D. Glycogen
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In catabolic pathways, complex molecules are broken down into simpler ones, leading to an increase in disorder or entropy. Entropy represents the measure of randomness or disorder in a system. As chemical reactions break down molecules, the overall disorder in the system tends to increase, making entropy the correct answer in this context. Therefore, the correct answer is 'Entropy' as it aligns with the concept of increased disorder in catabolic pathways. Enthalpy, on the other hand, relates to the total heat content of a system and is not specifically associated with disorder or complexity. Glucose and glycogen are molecules involved in energy storage and are not directly related to the increase in disorder observed in catabolic pathways.
Which of the following describes atomic mass?
- A. Mass of protons and electrons
- B. Mass of neutrons and electrons
- C. Average mass of that element's isotopes
- D. Number of moles in a solution
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Average mass of that element's isotopes. Atomic mass is the weighted average mass of the isotopes of an element, considering the natural abundance of each isotope. It is not just the sum of protons and neutrons or neutrons and electrons. Understanding atomic mass is crucial in chemistry as it helps in determining the molar mass of elements, which is essential in various chemical calculations such as stoichiometry and reaction equations.
Which of the following could be an empirical formula?
- A. C4H8
- B. C2H6
- C. CH
- D. C3H6
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: An empirical formula represents the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms in a compound. For a hydrocarbon compound consisting of carbon and hydrogen, the empirical formula should have the simplest ratio of carbon to hydrogen. Choice C, 'CH,' is the correct empirical formula as it represents a 1:1 ratio of carbon to hydrogen atoms, indicating the simplest ratio. Choices A, B, and D have multiple atoms of carbon and hydrogen, which do not represent the simplest whole-number ratio. Therefore, 'CH' is the empirical formula that best fits the definition.
Will solids always sink in liquids?
- A. True, a solid is hard, and liquids are not.
- B. True, solids are heavier than liquids.
- C. False, solids have a smooth surface so they will float.
- D. False, it depends on the density of the solid and liquid.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Solids will not always sink in liquids. Whether a solid sinks or floats in a liquid depends on the relative densities of the solid and the liquid. If the density of the solid is greater than that of the liquid, it will sink. If the density of the solid is less than that of the liquid, it will float. Therefore, it is incorrect to state that solids will always sink in liquids without considering their respective densities. The weight or hardness of the solid and the smoothness of its surface do not determine whether it will sink or float in a liquid. The critical factor is the density relationship between the solid and the liquid.