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Which meal represents foods that help prevent cancer?
- A. Broiled steak, baked potato, whole wheat roll, soy milk
- B. Baked ham, rice and gravy, apples stewed in butter, whole milk
- C. Fried pork chops, candied sweet potatoes, white rolls and butter, iced tea
- D. Broiled chicken, cabbage with onion and garlic, and soy milk
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Green and yellow vegetables, cruciferous vegetables, whole grain and soy products are all examples of foods that prevent cancer. Reducing the consumption of processed meats and red meat are additional diet-related prevention steps.
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The difference between an excisional biopsy and an incisional biopsy is that an excisional biopsy involves which technique?
- A. use of a needle to obtain fluid samples.
- B. removal of the entire lesion.
- C. taking a 'bite' from the lesion for study.
- D. shaving of the superficial layers of the lesion.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: An excisional biopsy involves the excision of the entire lesion.
A patient undergoing radiation therapy says, 'I feel so useless. I have no energy, no appetite, and I fall asleep whenever I sit down.' Which response by the nurse is most therapeutic?
- A. Fatigue is part of your illness. Taking several long naps in the daytime is helpful.'
- B. Fatigue is an unfortunate side effect of radiation. It may help to take frequent rest periods.'
- C. You really shouldn?t be fatigued. Let me make an appointment with your health care provider to get this checked out.'
- D. Don?t worry about it. You probably deserve the rest!'
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Fatigue is a side effect of radiation, and taking frequent rest periods may be helpful.
The nurse caring for a patient who is being treated for cancer of the cervix by a radioactive implant discovers that the applicator with the radioactive material has become dislodged and is lying in the bed between the patient?s legs. Which action will the nurse take?
- A. Use long-handled forceps grasp the applicator and wrap it in a towel.
- B. Help the patient to a chair and cover the applicator with a rubber sheet.
- C. Reassure the patient by staying at the bedside and call for help.
- D. Do not touch the applicator; notify the radiation safety officer.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The applicator should not be touched. Reassure the patient and go to report the incident to the radiation safety officer.
How do cancer cells differ from normal cells?
- A. They replicate in an organized manner.
- B. Their cellular arrangement is abnormal.
- C. They have an irregular shape.
- D. They have abnormal chromosomes.
- E. They have a different mitosis process.
Correct Answer: B,C,D,E
Rationale: Cancer cells are disorderly in replication, have larger nuclei, an irregular shape, a different number of chromosomes, and a different process of mitosis.
Which characteristic is common in malignant tumors?
- A. Usually contained within a capsule.
- B. Divide and multiply in the same manner as normal cells.
- C. Proliferate and respond to treatment.
- D. Progress and destroy surrounding tissues while spreading to distant parts of the body.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Malignant tumors destroy surrounding tissues and may spread to distant parts of the body causing a secondary tumor to grow in that area. Malignant cells divide and multiply but not in the same manner as normal parent cells and are rarely contained within a capsule.