Nokea
Which medical herb is commonly used for fever, headache, and cough?
- A. Sambong
- B. Tsaang gubat
- C. Akapulko
- D. Lagundi
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Lagundi. Lagundi is commonly used for treating fever, headache, and cough due to its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. It contains compounds that help reduce inflammation, alleviate pain, and act as a cough suppressant. Sambong (A) is primarily used for kidney disorders, Tsaang gubat (B) is known for its antidiarrheal properties, and Akapulko (C) is used to treat skin diseases. Therefore, Lagundi is the most appropriate choice for the given symptoms.
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Which of the following health professionals can sign the birth certificate?
- A. Public health nurse
- B. Rural health midwife
- C. Municipal health officer
- D. Any of these health professionals
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because all of these health professionals can sign a birth certificate. Public health nurses, rural health midwives, and municipal health officers are all qualified to verify and certify births. This is important for accurate record-keeping and legal purposes. Each of these professionals has the training and authority to confirm the details of a birth and sign the necessary documentation. Therefore, the correct answer is D, as any of these health professionals can sign the birth certificate. The other choices (A, B, and C) are incorrect because they limit the scope of who can sign the birth certificate, whereas the correct answer encompasses all the options provided.
In a municipality with a population of about 20,000, estimate the number of 1-4 year old children who should be given Retinol capsules 200,000 every 6 months.
- A. 1,500
- B. 1,800
- C. 2,000
- D. 2,300
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D (2,300). To estimate the number of 1-4 year old children who should be given Retinol capsules 200,000 every 6 months in the municipality, we can use the rule of thumb that around 10-15% of the population falls within the 1-4 age group. With a population of 20,000, this translates to approximately 2,000-3,000 children. Since 200,000 capsules are provided every 6 months, we can divide this by the number of children to determine the number of capsules per child. Therefore, 200,000 / 2,300 ≈ 87 capsules per child over 6 months, which is a reasonable estimate.
Summary of other choices:
A: 1,500 - This is too low given the population estimate and age group percentage.
B: 1,800 - This is also too low given the population estimate and age group percentage.
C
What is given to a child with measles?
- A. Tetanus toxoid
- B. Vitamin A
- C. Vitamin D
- D. Vitamin E
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Vitamin A. During measles, Vitamin A supplementation is crucial to reduce the risk of complications and improve recovery. Vitamin A deficiency is common in children with measles and can lead to severe outcomes. Tetanus toxoid (A) is not indicated in measles treatment. Vitamin D (C) and Vitamin E (D) do not play a significant role in managing measles symptoms. In summary, Vitamin A is essential for children with measles to prevent complications and support recovery, making it the correct choice among the options provided.
Which statistic best reflects the nutritional status of a population?
- A. 1-4 year old age-specific mortality rate
- B. Proportionate mortality rate
- C. Infant mortality rate
- D. Swaroop's index
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 1-4 year old age-specific mortality rate. This statistic reflects the overall health and nutritional status of a population by focusing on a specific age group vulnerable to malnutrition-related issues. It provides a comprehensive view of the impact of nutrition on child health and development. Proportionate mortality rate (B) measures the distribution of causes of death, not specifically related to nutrition. Infant mortality rate (C) focuses on deaths within the first year of life, which may not fully capture the nutritional status of the whole population. Swaroop's index (D) assesses life expectancy and income level, but does not directly measure nutritional status.
Sputum examination is the major screening tool for pulmonary tuberculosis. Clients may sometimes receive false negative results in this exam. This means that the test is not perfect in terms of which characteristic of a diagnostic examination?
- A. Effectiveness
- B. Efficacy
- C. Specificity
- D. Sensitivity
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step 1: Define false negative - An individual with the disease incorrectly identified as disease-free.
Step 2: Understand sensitivity - Ability to correctly identify individuals with the disease.
Step 3: False negatives indicate low sensitivity.
Step 4: Sensitivity is a key characteristic of a diagnostic test.
Step 5: Therefore, the correct answer is D: Sensitivity.
Summary:
A: Effectiveness - Overall ability of the test to achieve its intended purpose.
B: Efficacy - Ability of the test under ideal conditions.
C: Specificity - Ability to correctly identify individuals without the disease.
D: Sensitivity - Ability to correctly identify individuals with the disease.