Nokea
Which medical intervention and management system controls the bleeding of esophageal varices?
- A. Transfusions
- B. Sengstaken-Blakemore (S/B) tube
- C. Band ligation
- D. Cryotherapy
- E. Portacaval shunt
- F. Large doses of vitamin B12
Correct Answer: B,C,E
Rationale: Band ligation, insertion of the tube, and various shunting surgeries are helpful in stopping the hemorrhage. Transfusions, cryotherapy, and water-soluble vitamins are not beneficial.
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Why is it advantageous for a live person to be a liver donor?
- A. Because the donor is not at risk for any complication.
- B. Because the recipient is more likely to avoid rejection.
- C. Because the donor donates only a part of the liver.
- D. Because the blood supply is more dependable in the donated liver.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A live donor may donate only a portion of their liver and within weeks the donor's liver has grown to the size to meet the body's needs. The same is true for the recipient.
Immediately following a liver biopsy, the patient becomes dyspneic, the pulse increases to 100, and no breath sounds can be heard on the affected side. Which will the nurse suspect?
- A. Peritonitis
- B. Pneumothorax
- C. Hemorrhage of the liver
- D. Pleural effusion
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pneumothorax is a possible complication of a liver biopsy. These signs and symptoms need to be reported to the health care provider immediately.
The nurse explains that the use of cyclosporine as an immunosuppressant has been successful in the reduction of rejection of liver transplants because the drug has which benefit?
- A. increases the rate of the regeneration of liver cells.
- B. can overcome complications presented by hepatitis C.
- C. increases blood supply to transplant.
- D. does not suppress bone marrow.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cyclosporine is an immunosuppressant that does not cause bone marrow suppression nor does it impede healing.
A occurs when the body encapsulates the autodigestive debris in the pancreatic tissue, frequently becoming an abscess.
Correct Answer: pseudocyst
Rationale: A pseudocyst occurs when the body encapsulates the autodigestive debris in the pancreatic tissue.
Which factors may increase a patient's risk of developing cancer of the pancreas?
- A. Diet high in carbohydrates and dairy products
- B. Cardiovascular disease and glaucoma
- C. Tea and cola consumption
- D. Cigarette smoking and having diabetes mellitus
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The cause of cancer of the pancreas is unknown, but it is diagnosed more often in cigarette smokers, people exposed to chemical carcinogens, and people with diabetes mellitus and pancreatitis.