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Which medication would the nurse expect to administer to a client with an arterial disorder to improve blood flow?
- A. Warfarin (Coumadin)
- B. Clopidogrel (Plavix)
- C. Furosemide (Lasix)
- D. Metoprolol (Lopressor)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Clopidogrel is an antiplatelet medication that reduces the risk of clot formation, improving blood flow in arterial disorders.
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The client with peripheral artery disease asks why they need to walk daily. What is the best response?
- A. It strengthens your leg muscles.
- B. It promotes collateral circulation.
- C. It reduces swelling in your legs.
- D. It prevents venous ulcers.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Walking stimulates the development of collateral vessels, improving blood flow in peripheral artery disease.
The client with restrictive cardiomyopathy asks why they feel short of breath. What is the best response?
- A. Your heart cannot fill properly.
- B. Your lungs are inflamed.
- C. Your blood pressure is too low.
- D. Your heart rate is too fast.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Restrictive cardiomyopathy impairs ventricular filling, reducing cardiac output and causing shortness of breath.
The nurse is administering a beta blocker to the client diagnosed with essential hypertension. Which intervention should the nurse implement?
- A. Notify the health-care provider if the potassium level is 3.8 mEq.
- B. Question administering the medication if the BP is less than 90/60 mm Hg.
- C. Do not administer the medication if the client's radial pulse is greater than 100.
- D. Monitor the client's BP while he or she is lying, standing, and sitting.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Beta blockers lower BP; BP <90/60 (B) indicates hypotension, warranting withholding the dose. Potassium 3.8 (A) is normal, pulse >100 (C) is not a contraindication, and orthostatic checks (D) are routine but not primary.
Which signs/symptoms would the nurse expect to find when assessing a client diagnosed with subclavian steal syndrome?
- A. Complaints of arm tiredness with exertion.
- B. Complaints of shortness of breath while resting.
- C. Jugular vein distention when sitting at a 35-degree angle.
- D. Dilated blood vessels above the nipple line.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Subclavian steal syndrome causes arm ischemia due to subclavian artery occlusion, leading to arm tiredness with exertion (A). Shortness of breath (B), JVD (C), and dilated vessels (D) are not typical.
The nurse is teaching a class on atherosclerosis. Which statement describes the scientific rationale as to why diabetes is a risk factor for developing atherosclerosis?
- A. Glucose combines with carbon monoxide, instead of with oxygen, and this leads to oxygen deprivation of tissues.
- B. Diabetes stimulates the sympathetic nervous system, resulting in peripheral constriction that increases the development of atherosclerosis.
- C. Diabetes speeds the atherosclerotic process by thickening the basement membrane of both large and small vessels.
- D. The increased glucose combines with the hemoglobin, which causes deposits of plaque in the lining of the vessels.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Diabetes accelerates atherosclerosis by thickening vascular basement membranes (C), promoting plaque. Carbon monoxide (A), sympathetic stimulation (B), and glucose-hemoglobin (D) are incorrect mechanisms.