Nokea
Which mineral supports the function of the thyroid?
- A. Manganese
- B. Iodine
- C. Phosphorus
- D. Zinc
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Iodine is the mineral that supports the function of the thyroid. The thyroid gland requires iodine to produce thyroid hormones, which are essential for regulating metabolism and other important bodily functions. A deficiency in iodine can lead to thyroid disorders such as hypothyroidism or goiter. Manganese (Choice A), Phosphorus (Choice C), and Zinc (Choice D) do not play a direct role in supporting the thyroid function like iodine does. While these minerals are important for various bodily functions, they are not specifically required for the thyroid gland's hormone production.
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Which organ system is primarily responsible for generating antibodies?
- A. The endocrine system
- B. The digestive system
- C. The lymphatic system
- D. The nervous system
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: The lymphatic system. Antibodies are produced by specialized white blood cells called B-lymphocytes (or B cells) in response to foreign substances known as antigens. The lymphatic system includes lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, tonsils, thymus, and spleen, which work together to produce and store antibodies to help the body fight off infections and diseases.
Choice A, the endocrine system, is incorrect because it is responsible for hormone regulation, not antibody production.
Choice B, the digestive system, is incorrect because its main function is to break down food and absorb nutrients, not produce antibodies.
Choice D, the nervous system, is incorrect as it is responsible for transmitting signals throughout the body and coordinating body functions, not generating antibodies.
Which type of nutrient does not provide the body with energy?
- A. Vitamin
- B. Carbohydrate
- C. Fat
- D. Protein
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Vitamins are essential nutrients that the body needs in small amounts but do not provide energy like carbohydrates, fats, and proteins do. Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are macronutrients that supply energy to the body when broken down during metabolism. Vitamins, on the other hand, play crucial roles in various bodily functions but are not a source of energy. They are essential for supporting growth, immune function, and overall health, but do not contribute directly to energy production. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are macronutrients that provide energy to the body when metabolized.
How does a sagittal section divide the body?
- A. Into right and left regions
- B. Into upper and lower regions
- C. Into front and back regions
- D. Between the dorsal and ventral cavities
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A sagittal section divides the body into right and left regions. This type of section runs longitudinally from front to back, separating the body into right and left halves. Sagittal sections are crucial for understanding the anatomical structure and orientation of various body parts. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because a sagittal section specifically divides the body into right and left portions, not upper and lower regions, front and back regions, or between the dorsal and ventral cavities.
Where is a herniated lumbar disc most likely to cause pain?
- A. Along the radial nerve
- B. Within the spinal cord
- C. Along the sciatic nerve
- D. Along the tibial nerve
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A herniated lumbar disc is most likely to cause pain along the sciatic nerve. The sciatic nerve is a long nerve that extends from the lower back down the back of each leg. Compression of the sciatic nerve by a herniated disc can lead to symptoms such as pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness that radiates down the leg. This condition is commonly referred to as sciatica. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because a herniated lumbar disc typically affects the sciatic nerve, not the radial nerve, spinal cord, or tibial nerve.
How does the lymphatic system work with the circulatory system?
- A. The circulatory system produces red blood cells for the lymphatic system.
- B. Lymph draws excess fluid from the cells and deposits it into the blood vessels.
- C. The heart regulates the production of lymph in the lymph glands.
- D. White cells from the lymphatic system eliminate excess red blood cells.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The lymphatic system works with the circulatory system by draining excess fluid and waste products from the spaces between cells, known as interstitial fluid. This excess fluid, now called lymph, is then transported back into the blood circulation through lymphatic vessels. This process helps maintain fluid balance in the body and supports the circulatory system in regulating blood volume and pressure. Choice A is incorrect because the circulatory system does not produce red blood cells for the lymphatic system. Choice C is incorrect as the heart does not regulate lymph production in lymph glands. Choice D is incorrect as white cells from the lymphatic system do not eliminate excess red blood cells. Therefore, the correct answer is B, as lymph draws excess fluid from the cells and deposits it into the blood vessels, aiding in maintaining proper fluid balance and supporting the circulatory system.