Nokea
Which neuromuscular system controls voluntary movement?
- A. Autonomic
- B. Somatic
- C. Sympathetic
- D. Parasympathetic
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, Somatic. The somatic nervous system controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles. It is responsible for carrying sensory and motor information to and from the central nervous system. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. The autonomic nervous system (choice A) controls involuntary functions such as heart rate and digestion. The sympathetic (choice C) and parasympathetic (choice D) nervous systems are subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system and are responsible for the body's fight-or-flight response and rest-and-digest functions, respectively.
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What is the role of the pancreas in regulating blood sugar levels?
- A. To produce insulin only
- B. To produce both insulin and glucagon
- C. To store glucose
- D. To produce adrenaline
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. The pancreas plays a crucial role in regulating blood sugar levels by producing both insulin and glucagon. Insulin helps lower blood sugar levels by promoting the uptake of glucose into cells, while glucagon raises blood sugar levels by stimulating the release of stored glucose into the bloodstream. Choice A is incorrect because the pancreas produces both insulin and glucagon. Choice C is incorrect because the pancreas does not store glucose; instead, it regulates glucose levels. Choice D is incorrect because adrenaline is produced by the adrenal glands, not the pancreas, and is not directly involved in regulating blood sugar levels.
Which of the following are the products of anaerobic respiration in humans?
- A. Ethyl alcohol and CO2
- B. Ethyl alcohol only
- C. Lactic acid and CO2
- D. Lactic acid only
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: During anaerobic respiration in humans, lactic acid and CO2 are produced. Choice A, 'Ethyl alcohol and CO2,' is incorrect because ethyl alcohol is not a product of anaerobic respiration in humans. Choice B, 'Ethyl alcohol only,' is incorrect as ethyl alcohol is not a product of anaerobic respiration in humans. Choice D, 'Lactic acid only,' is incorrect because CO2 is also a product of anaerobic respiration in humans.
Which of the following bones is part of the axial skeleton?
- A. Femur
- B. Humerus
- C. Skull
- D. Pelvis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Skull. The axial skeleton consists of bones along the body's central axis, including the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the femur, humerus, and pelvis are part of the appendicular skeleton, which comprises the bones of the limbs and girdles.
Which of the following are properties of a liquid?
- A. High atomic attraction
- B. Fixed volume
- C. Low pressure
- D. Takes shape of container
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: 'Takes shape of container.' Liquids exhibit the property of taking the shape of their container while maintaining a fixed volume. This is due to the ability of liquid particles to flow and move freely within the container. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Choice A, 'High atomic attraction,' is not a general property of liquids as the level of attraction between liquid particles can vary. Choice B, 'Fixed volume,' is partially correct as liquids do have a fixed volume, but they do not have a fixed shape. Choice C, 'Low pressure,' is not a defining property of liquids.
During which of the following stages does crossing over occur?
- A. Mitosis Prophase
- B. Meiosis Prophase I
- C. Meiosis Prophase II
- D. Interphase
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Crossing over occurs during Prophase I of meiosis. This stage is specifically associated with genetic recombination, where homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material. This process contributes to genetic diversity by creating new combinations of alleles. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. In mitosis, crossing over does not occur as it involves the separation of replicated chromosomes. Meiosis Prophase II is focused on the reformation of nuclei and does not involve crossing over. Interphase is a stage where the cell prepares for division and is not associated with crossing over.