Nokea
Which nurse died after deliberately acquiring two bites from yellow fever carrier mosquitoes to enable her to provide care to soldiers with yellow fever during the Spanish-American War?
- A. Florence Nightingale
- B. Margaret Hoolihan
- C. Clara Maas
- D. Sairy Gamp
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Clara Maas. Clara Maas died after deliberately acquiring two bites from yellow fever carrier mosquitoes to provide care during the Spanish-American War. This is correct because Clara Maas was a real historical figure known for her selfless dedication to nursing and her sacrifice to help others. Florence Nightingale (A) is renowned for her work in nursing during the Crimean War, but she did not die from acquiring yellow fever. Margaret Hoolihan (B) and Sairy Gamp (D) are fictional characters and not relevant to the historical context of the Spanish-American War.
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A nurse caring for a patient with anemia and heart failure prepares to hang a unit of packed red blood cells and realizes her break is in 5 minutes. She decides it is not necessary to have another nurse check the blood against the patient's information since the patient's blood type is O+ which she incorrectly remembered to be the universal donor. She hangs the blood, noting the patient is "reading and vital signs normal." She leaves the floor for her break and does not report leaving or ask anyone to perform required vital signs. Upon returning she meets a family friend who is visiting and time "just flies." She returns to the patient's room after admitting a new patient. The patient is hypotensive and color is cyanotic and anxious. She reports the findings to the charge nurse, who then contacts the physician. A blood reaction occurrence is noted. The nurse providing care is charged:
- A. with comparative negligence.
- B. with a preventable adverse event.
- C. with criminal negligence.
- D. under the doctrine of res ipsa loquitur.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: with criminal negligence. The nurse displayed a reckless disregard for the patient's safety by not verifying the blood type, leaving for an extended break without ensuring proper monitoring, and failing to report her absence. These actions were highly irresponsible and demonstrated a severe lack of care and attention to the patient's well-being. Criminal negligence involves a conscious disregard for the consequences of one's actions, which in this case resulted in a serious adverse event for the patient. Choices A and B do not fully capture the gravity of the nurse's actions, as they imply a lesser degree of fault. Choice D, under the doctrine of res ipsa loquitur, would be inappropriate in this scenario as the nurse's actions directly contributed to the adverse outcome.
A student nurse is concerned about delegation practices and wonders why hospitals employ unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) and LPN/LVNs. The student nurse refers to the National Council of State Boards of Nursing and learns that the role of these personnel is to:
- A. supplement the staffing pattern when an RN is not available.
- B. aid the RN by performing appropriately delegated care tasks.
- C. replace the RN when the health care facility provides long-term care.
- D. provide patient teaching, allowing more direct care to be provided by the RN.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: aid the RN by performing appropriately delegated care tasks. UAP and LPN/LVNs are crucial in supporting the RN by carrying out tasks within their scope of practice under the RN's supervision. This is essential to ensure efficient patient care delivery and allow the RN to focus on more complex nursing assessments and interventions.
A: Supplementing the staffing pattern when an RN is not available is incorrect because UAP and LPN/LVNs work alongside RNs, not as substitutes for them.
C: Replacing the RN in long-term care settings is incorrect as UAP and LPN/LVNs provide valuable assistance but do not replace the RN's role.
D: Providing patient teaching to allow more direct care by the RN is incorrect as UAP and LPN/LVNs focus on task-based care rather than patient education, which is typically within the RN's scope of practice.
If a nurse practicing in a mental health agency could only belong to one professional organization, what criteria could be used to select the organization with the biggest impact?
- A. The American Nurses Association has a strong voice representing the nation's entire RN population.
- B. Specialty organizations such as the American Psychiatric Nurses Association lobby for higher education requirements for nurses.
- C. State nursing associations have limited power because they can lobby only state representatives.
- D. Professional organizations such as The American Association for the History of Nursing (AAHN) record the history of mental health nursing.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Specialty organizations such as the American Psychiatric Nurses Association lobby for higher education requirements for nurses.
Rationale:
1. Specialty organizations like the American Psychiatric Nurses Association focus specifically on mental health nursing, ensuring targeted advocacy and support.
2. Lobbying for higher education requirements demonstrates a commitment to advancing the profession and improving the quality of care.
3. Higher education requirements can lead to better outcomes for patients and enhance the credibility and expertise of mental health nurses.
Summary:
A: The American Nurses Association may have a broad reach, but it may not prioritize mental health nursing specifically.
C: State nursing associations may have limitations in lobbying power, focusing more on state-level issues.
D: Professional organizations like AAHN, while valuable for preserving history, may not actively advocate for current professional development and standards.
Regardless of the term used to describe high-quality health care, the focus of quality is:
- A. what the consumer needs and wants.
- B. economical care.
- C. having the greatest technologic advancement.
- D. services equally distributed among populations.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice A is correct:
1. Quality in healthcare should be consumer-centric, meeting their needs and preferences.
2. Consumer needs and wants drive patient satisfaction and outcomes.
3. Patient-centered care leads to better health outcomes and overall quality of care.
4. Focusing on consumer needs promotes individualized and effective care delivery.
Summary of why other choices are incorrect:
- Choice B (economical care) does not necessarily ensure high-quality care.
- Choice C (technologic advancement) is important but not the sole focus of quality healthcare.
- Choice D (equally distributed services) is important for equity but does not define quality in healthcare.
Nurses on a busy medical schedule want to reduce documentation time and improve order entry. Additionally, patient records from previous visits are often incomplete or do not include care from other providers. To improve patient care, a taskforce suggests using an Electronic Medical Record for 1 month to determine whether this provides the desired outcomes. This unit is participating in which type of study?
- A. Ethnography
- B. Pilot
- C. Secondary data analysis
- D. Phenomenology
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Pilot. A pilot study involves testing a new intervention on a small scale to assess feasibility and potential outcomes before implementing it on a larger scale. In this case, the unit is planning to use an Electronic Medical Record for a limited time to evaluate its impact on documentation time and patient care. This approach allows for targeted feedback and adjustments based on the outcomes observed during the trial period.
A: Ethnography involves in-depth observation and analysis of a specific culture or group, which is not the focus of the scenario.
C: Secondary data analysis involves the use of existing data for research purposes, not the implementation of a new intervention.
D: Phenomenology focuses on understanding individuals' subjective experiences, which is not the primary goal of implementing an Electronic Medical Record in this case.