Nokea
What is the recommended method of pain relief during labor for a woman who desires regional anesthesia?
- A. Epidural block
- B. Spinal block
- C. Combined spinal-epidural block
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Regional anesthesia options include epidural, spinal, and combined spinal-epidural blocks.
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What is the primary responsibility of a nurse or midwife in advocating for patient and family-centered care in maternal and newborn healthcare?
- A. Promoting shared decision-making
- B. Ensuring patient privacy and confidentiality
- C. Providing evidence-based care
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: All of the above. Nurses and midwives advocate for patient and family-centered care by promoting shared decision-making, ensuring patient privacy and confidentiality, and providing evidence-based care. Shared decision-making involves actively involving patients and families in healthcare decisions. Patient privacy and confidentiality are essential for building trust and respecting autonomy. Providing evidence-based care ensures the best outcomes for patients and families. Therefore, all these responsibilities are crucial in advocating for patient and family-centered care. Choices A, B, and C individually are important aspects, but the comprehensive approach encompassed by choice D is necessary to fully advocate for patient and family-centered care.
Which of the following is a potential complication of a vaginal delivery?
- A. Shoulder dystocia
- B. Placenta previa
- C. Umbilical cord prolapse
- D. Cephalopelvic disproportion
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Shoulder dystocia. This is a potential complication of vaginal delivery where the baby's shoulder gets stuck behind the mother's pubic bone. It can lead to serious complications for both the mother and the baby, such as brachial plexus injury or fetal hypoxia. Shoulder dystocia requires immediate intervention to prevent harm. Placenta previa (B) and umbilical cord prolapse (C) are complications related to the placenta and umbilical cord, not the delivery process itself. Cephalopelvic disproportion (D) refers to the mismatch between the size of the baby's head and the mother's pelvis, which may lead to difficulties in labor but is not a direct complication of vaginal delivery.
A nurse is caring for a 1-month-old infant who has manifestations of severe dehydration and a prescription for parenteral fluid therapy. The guardian asks, 'What are the indications that my baby needs an IV?' Which of the following responses should the nurse make?
- A. Your baby needs an IV because she is not producing tears.
- B. Your baby needs an IV because her heart rate is decreased.
- C. Your baby needs an IV because she is breathing slower than normal.
- D. Your baby needs an IV because her fontanels are bulging.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The absence of tears is a sign of severe dehydration, indicating the need for IV fluid therapy to restore hydration.
A nurse is providing teaching about immunizations to a client who is pregnant. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. The immunization for varicella should be given at least 1 month prior to delivery.
- B. You can receive the rubella immunization during the third trimester of pregnancy.
- C. The hepatitis B immunization should not be obtained until after you finish breastfeeding.
- D. You can receive the immunization for influenza at any time during your pregnancy.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The influenza vaccine is safe and recommended during pregnancy to protect both the mother and the baby. Varicella and rubella vaccines are contraindicated during pregnancy.
A nurse is assessing a newborn who has neonatal abstinence syndrome. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
- A. Diminished deep tendon reflexes
- B. Excessive crying
- C. Decreased muscle tone
- D. Absent Moro reflex
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Excessive crying. Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) occurs in newborns exposed to addictive substances in utero. The newborn may exhibit symptoms such as excessive crying due to neurologic irritability. Diminished deep tendon reflexes (A) are not typically associated with NAS. Decreased muscle tone (C) is not a common finding in NAS; infants may actually have increased muscle tone. An absent Moro reflex (D) is not a typical finding in NAS, as hyperreflexia is more common.