Nokea
Which nursing diagnosis takes the highest priority for a female client with hyperthyroidism?
- A. Risk for imbalanced nutrition: More than body requirements related to thyroid hormone excess
- B. Risk for impaired skin integrity related to edema, skin fragility, and poor wound healing
- C. Body image disturbance related to weight gain and edema
- D. Imbalanced nutrition: Less than body requirements related to thyroid hormone excess
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Imbalanced nutrition: Less than body requirements related to thyroid hormone excess. In hyperthyroidism, increased metabolic rate leads to increased nutritional needs, causing weight loss and muscle wasting. Therefore, addressing imbalanced nutrition due to excessive thyroid hormone is a priority. Choice A is incorrect as hyperthyroidism typically leads to weight loss, not weight gain. Choice B is less of a priority as skin issues are secondary to the metabolic disturbances caused by hyperthyroidism. Choice C, body image disturbance, is important but addressing the client's nutritional needs should take precedence to prevent further complications.
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A female adult client with a history of chronic hyperparathyroidism admits to being noncompliant. Based on initial assessment findings, the nurse formulates the nursing diagnosis of Risk for injury. To complete the nursing diagnosis statement for this client, which 'related-to' phrase should the nurse add?
- A. Related to bone demineralization resulting in pathologic fractures
- B. Related to exhaustion secondary to an accelerated metabolic rate
- C. Related to edema and dry skin secondary to fluid infiltration into the interstitial spaces
- D. Related to tetany secondary to a decreased serum calcium level
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Related to bone demineralization resulting in pathologic fractures.' In chronic hyperparathyroidism, bone demineralization occurs due to the excessive release of parathyroid hormone, leading to increased calcium resorption from bones. This process weakens the bones, making the client prone to pathologic fractures. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not directly relate to the increased risk of injury associated with chronic hyperparathyroidism. Exhaustion, edema, dry skin, and tetany are not the primary risks for injury in this client population.
The nurse is caring for a client with hypothyroidism. Which of the following clinical findings should the nurse expect?
- A. Tachycardia
- B. Weight loss
- C. Cold intolerance
- D. Diaphoresis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cold intolerance is a classic symptom of hypothyroidism. In hypothyroidism, the body's metabolic rate is decreased, leading to a decreased ability to regulate body temperature. This results in a feeling of being cold most of the time. Tachycardia (Choice A) is more commonly associated with hyperthyroidism, not hypothyroidism. Weight loss (Choice B) and diaphoresis (Choice D) are also more characteristic of hyperthyroidism, where there is an increased metabolic rate and excess heat production.
A client with type 1 DM calls the nurse to report recurrent episodes of hypoglycemia with exercise. Which statement by the client indicates an inadequate understanding of the peak action of NPH insulin and exercise?
- A. The best time for me to exercise is every afternoon.
- B. The best time for me to exercise is right after I eat.
- C. The best time for me to exercise is after breakfast.
- D. The best time for me to exercise is after my morning snack.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Exercising in the afternoon may coincide with the peak action of NPH insulin, increasing the risk of hypoglycemia. The peak action of NPH insulin typically occurs 4-12 hours after administration, so exercising during this time can further lower blood sugar levels. Choices B, C, and D are better options as they suggest exercising at times that are less likely to overlap with the peak insulin action, reducing the risk of hypoglycemia.
A client with hypothyroidism is prescribed levothyroxine. The nurse should teach the client to take this medication:
- A. With meals
- B. Before bedtime
- C. On an empty stomach in the morning
- D. With a glass of milk
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Levothyroxine should be taken on an empty stomach in the morning to enhance absorption and efficacy. Taking it with meals (Choice A) may interfere with absorption due to food interactions. Taking it before bedtime (Choice B) can lead to difficulties with absorption and may disrupt the sleep cycle. Consuming levothyroxine with a glass of milk (Choice D) is not recommended as calcium in milk can interfere with its absorption. Therefore, the best practice is to take levothyroxine on an empty stomach in the morning to ensure optimal effectiveness.
Nurse Kate is providing dietary instructions to a male client with hypoglycemia. To control hypoglycemic episodes, the nurse should recommend:
- A. Increasing saturated fat intake and fasting in the afternoon
- B. Increasing intake of vitamins B and D and taking iron supplements
- C. Eating a candy bar if lightheadedness occurs
- D. Consuming a low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet and avoiding fasting
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet is beneficial for individuals with hypoglycemia as it helps in maintaining stable blood sugar levels. Choice A is incorrect as increasing saturated fat intake and fasting can worsen hypoglycemia. Choice B is incorrect as vitamins and iron supplements do not directly address hypoglycemia. Choice C is incorrect as consuming a candy bar may provide temporary relief but does not address the underlying cause of hypoglycemia.