Nokea
Which nursing intervention is a holistic approach to an older adult?
- A. Performs glucose testing during the weekly worship service
- B. Wheels ambulatory adults to exercise when running late
- C. Assigns female nurses to older women who are Islamic
- D. Allows older adults in a nursing home to eat meals alone
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because assigning female nurses to older women who are Islamic respects their cultural and religious beliefs, promoting holistic care. This approach considers the older adult's physical, emotional, social, and spiritual needs, aligning with the principles of holistic nursing care.
Choice A is incorrect because performing glucose testing during a weekly worship service does not necessarily address the older adult's holistic needs. Choice B is incorrect as simply wheeling ambulatory adults to exercise when running late does not encompass a holistic approach. Choice D is incorrect as allowing older adults in a nursing home to eat meals alone may neglect their social and emotional well-being.
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A patient is instructed in the use of pursed lip breathing. The patient asks the nurse the purpose of this technique of breathing pattern. The nurse's best response would be:
- A. Pursed lip breathing exercises help prevent the build-up of secretions
- B. You will be more comfortable if you pursed lip breathe
- C. Pursed lip breathing increases the strength of the respiratory muscles
- D. Pursed lip breathing prevents airway collapse, decreases anxiety, and enhances effective breathing
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because pursed lip breathing helps prevent airway collapse by maintaining positive pressure in the airways, reduces anxiety by promoting relaxation, and enhances effective breathing by improving oxygen exchange. Choice A is incorrect as pursed lip breathing does not directly prevent the build-up of secretions. Choice B is incorrect as comfort is not the primary purpose of pursed lip breathing. Choice C is incorrect as while pursed lip breathing can improve respiratory muscle function, its primary benefit lies in preventing airway collapse, reducing anxiety, and promoting effective breathing.
The microvascular changes that occur as a result of uncontrolled diabetes include all of the following except___:
- A. Retinopathy
- B. nephropathy
- C. neuropathy
- D. cerebral vascular disease
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: cerebral vascular disease. Microvascular changes in diabetes mainly affect small blood vessels in organs like the eyes (retinopathy), kidneys (nephropathy), and nerves (neuropathy). Cerebral vascular disease involves larger blood vessels in the brain, not typically considered a result of microvascular changes in diabetes. Retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy are well-documented complications of uncontrolled diabetes due to damage to small blood vessels in these specific organs.
Which of the following is an indicator of dementia rather than normal aging?
- A. Difficulty recalling recent events
- B. Increased forgetfulness
- C. Forgetting names of familiar people
- D. Memory loss affecting daily functioning
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because memory loss affecting daily functioning is a key indicator of dementia, not normal aging. Normal aging may involve some forgetfulness, but it typically does not significantly impact daily activities. Choice A is incorrect because difficulty recalling recent events can occur in both normal aging and dementia. Choice B is incorrect as increased forgetfulness is a common feature of aging and may not necessarily indicate dementia. Choice C is incorrect as forgetting names of familiar people can also be a normal part of aging and does not solely point to dementia. Memory loss affecting daily functioning is a more specific and severe symptom that strongly suggests dementia over normal aging.
The nurse is teaching a client with COPD about proper use of an inhaler. What should the nurse emphasize?
- A. Use the inhaler only when you feel short of breath.
- B. Inhale deeply before activating the inhaler.
- C. Inhale rapidly after activating the inhaler.
- D. Use the inhaler as often as possible for maximum benefit.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because inhaling deeply before activating the inhaler ensures proper medication delivery to the lungs. This allows the medication to reach the affected areas efficiently. Choice A is incorrect because inhalers are often used preventatively, not just when short of breath. Choice C is incorrect as inhaling rapidly may not allow the medication to be effectively deposited in the lungs. Choice D is incorrect because using the inhaler excessively can lead to overuse and potential side effects.
Which condition is often misdiagnosed as depression in older adults?
- A. Chronic fatigue syndrome
- B. Dementia
- C. Anemia
- D. Sleep apnea
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Dementia. Older adults often experience cognitive decline, memory loss, and behavioral changes that can be mistaken for symptoms of depression. Dementia is a common condition in the elderly that can be misdiagnosed due to overlapping symptoms such as apathy, social withdrawal, and changes in sleep patterns. Chronic fatigue syndrome (A), anemia (C), and sleep apnea (D) may also present with symptoms of fatigue and sleep disturbances, but they are less likely to be confused with depression in older adults compared to dementia.