Nokea
Which of the ff is the diagnostic sign for pericarditis?
- A. Precordial pain
- B. Pericardial friction rub
- C. Hypotension
- D. Rapid and labored respirations INFLAMMATORY
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The classic diagnostic sign for pericarditis is the presence of a pericardial friction rub upon auscultation. This sound is caused by the inflamed pericardial layers rubbing against each other during the cardiac cycle. While precordial pain is a common symptom of pericarditis, it is not a specific diagnostic sign. Hypotension and rapid/labored respirations may occur in severe cases or complications but are not definitive diagnostic signs for pericarditis.
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Which is the most commonly used method in completed suicides?
- A. Firearms
- B. Drug overdose
- C. Self-inflected laceration
- D. Carbon monoxide poisoning
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Firearms are the most commonly used method in completed suicides, accounting for nearly 50% of all suicide deaths in the United States. Firearms are particularly lethal and result in a higher success rate compared to other methods. The quick and irreversible nature of firearm suicides contributes to their high prevalence. Additionally, the easy access to firearms in many households increases the likelihood of their use in suicide attempts.
Which of the following blood study results would the nurse expect as most likely when caring for the child with iron deficiency anemia?
- A. Increased hemoglobin
- B. Normal hematocrit
- C. Decreased mean corpuscular volume (MCV)
- D. Normal total iron-binding capacity (TIBC)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Iron deficiency anemia is characterized by a decreased mean corpuscular volume (MCV) due to the microcytic red blood cells that result from inadequate iron availability for hemoglobin synthesis. This leads to smaller red blood cells, which are reflected in a decreased MCV. Iron deficiency anemia would not typically result in an increased hemoglobin or normal hematocrit since the lack of iron impairs the production of red blood cells. Additionally, the total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) would usually be increased in iron deficiency anemia as the body attempts to compensate for the decreased iron levels by increasing its ability to bind and transport iron. Therefore, the nurse would expect a decreased mean corpuscular volume (MCV) in a child with iron deficiency anemia.
Mr. Mariano was on his way home from a party. Apparently, he got drunk and lost his balance and suffered a vehicular accident. Upon arrival at the hospital, the nurse noticed that his only injury is an open fracture of the left humerus. Which assessment finding by the nurse is critical?
- A. status of client's tetanus immunization
- B. current blood alcohol level
- C. support systems available at home to assist with care
- D. last time client voided
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In this situation where Mr. Mariano has an open fracture of the left humerus, the nurse's critical assessment finding should be the status of the client's tetanus immunization. An open fracture poses a risk of infection, and tetanus is a concern due to the potential exposure to bacteria from the environment causing tetanus. Tetanus is a serious bacterial infection that affects the nervous system and can be fatal if not treated promptly. Knowing the client's tetanus immunization status will help determine the need for a tetanus booster to prevent this potentially life-threatening infection. Blood alcohol level, support systems at home, and voiding time are important assessments as well, but in the case of an open fracture, the priority is to assess the risk of tetanus infection.
understands that it is important that which of the following diagnostic tests is obtained to help prevent cardiac complications?
- A. Chest x-ray examination c.White blood cell count
- B. Throat culture
- C. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is an important diagnostic test that can help identify inflammation in the body, including inflammation in the heart. Elevated ESR levels may indicate the presence of an underlying condition that could potentially lead to cardiac complications if left untreated. Regular monitoring of ESR levels can help in the early detection and prevention of cardiac issues. The other options (A. Chest x-ray examination, B. Throat culture, and D. White blood cell count) are not specific diagnostic tests for assessing cardiac complications.
It is considered as the bluntly rounded portion of the heart
- A. Base
- B. Pericardium
- C. Aorta
- D. Apex
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The apex is the bluntly rounded portion of the heart located at the bottom. It is formed by the tip of the left ventricle and points slightly downward and to the left. The apex is essential in detecting the point of maximum intensity of the heartbeat, known as the apical impulse or point of maximal impulse (PMI). This is where the heart beats closest to the chest wall and can be felt or heard during a physical examination. The base of the heart, on the other hand, is the broader superior part of the heart where the major blood vessels enter and exit. The pericardium is the tough sac enclosing the heart, and the aorta is the main artery that carries oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the body.