Test Bank Pharmacology and the Nursing Process

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Which of the ff. statements would the nurse understand is true when assessing normal auditory acuity using the Rinne test?

  • A. The patient perceives sound equally in both ears.
  • B. Air conduction is heard longer than bone conduction in both ears.
  • C. Bone conduction is heard longer than air conduction in both ears.
  • D. The patient’s left ear will perceive the sound better than the right ear.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because in a normal Rinne test, air conduction is heard longer than bone conduction in both ears. This is due to the fact that air conduction involves the transmission of sound waves through the external auditory canal, middle ear, and inner ear, which is more efficient than bone conduction where the sound waves are transmitted directly to the inner ear through the bones of the skull. Therefore, when the tuning fork is placed on the mastoid bone (bone conduction) and then moved next to the ear (air conduction), the sound should be heard longer through air conduction.

Choice A is incorrect because normal auditory acuity does not necessarily mean equal perception in both ears. Choice C is incorrect as bone conduction should be heard shorter than air conduction in a normal Rinne test. Choice D is incorrect as the test does not determine which ear perceives sound better, but rather the difference in duration between air and bone conduction.

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When instructing the client diagnosed with hyperparathyroidism about diet, the nurse should stress the importance of which of the following?

  • A. Restricting fluids
  • B. Forcing fluids
  • C. Restricting sodium
  • D. Restricting potassium
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Restricting sodium. In hyperparathyroidism, there is an excess of parathyroid hormone leading to increased calcium levels. Sodium can worsen calcium excretion, exacerbating the condition. Restricting sodium can help reduce calcium loss.
A: Restricting fluids is not necessary unless the client has kidney issues.
B: Forcing fluids may not be beneficial and can lead to fluid overload.
D: Restricting potassium is not typically necessary unless the client has kidney issues.

Which of the ff. actions would the nurse include in the plan of care to reduce the symptoms of the patient who has vertigo?

  • A. Avoid noises
  • B. Encourage fluid intake
  • C. Avoid sudden movements
  • D. Administer analgesics
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Avoid sudden movements. Vertigo is a type of dizziness where a person feels like they're spinning or the world around them is spinning. Sudden movements can worsen vertigo symptoms. By avoiding sudden movements, the nurse can help reduce the patient's vertigo symptoms.

Avoiding noises (A) may help with other conditions like migraines, but it is not specifically helpful for vertigo. Encouraging fluid intake (B) is important for overall health but does not directly address vertigo symptoms. Administering analgesics (D) may help with pain but will not address the underlying cause of vertigo.

Therefore, choosing option C is the most appropriate action to include in the plan of care for reducing vertigo symptoms.

Which antiparkinsonian drug is associated with the on-off phenomenon and the wearing-off effect?

  • A. Amantadine
  • B. Levodopa
  • C. Benztropine
  • D. Pramixole
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Levodopa. Levodopa is associated with the on-off phenomenon and wearing-off effect in Parkinson's disease treatment due to fluctuations in its effectiveness over time. The on-off phenomenon refers to sudden and unpredictable changes in motor function, while wearing-off effect occurs when the medication's effects diminish before the next dose. Amantadine (A) is not typically associated with these phenomena. Benztropine (C) is an anticholinergic used for tremors and rigidity. Pramixole (D) is a dopamine agonist that can cause dyskinesias but is not primarily linked to on-off or wearing-off effects.

A nurse in the emergency department is completing an emergency assessment for a teenager just admitted from a car crash. Which of the following is objective data?

  • A. “My leg hurts so bad. I can’t stand it.”
  • B. “Appears anxious and frightened.”
  • C. “I am so sick; I am about to throw up.”
  • D. “Unable to palpate femoral pulse in left leg.”
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because "Unable to palpate femoral pulse in left leg" is an objective finding that can be measured or observed without interpretation or bias. It provides concrete, measurable information about the patient's condition. Choices A, B, and C are subjective data as they rely on the patient's feelings, emotions, and perceptions, which can vary and are open to interpretation. Objective data is crucial in making accurate assessments and decisions in healthcare.

A nurse is developing a care plan. Which intervention is most appropriate for the nursing diagnostic statement Risk for loneliness related to impaired verbal communication?

  • A. Provide the patient with a writing board each shift.
  • B. Obtain an interpreter for the patient as soon as possible.
  • C. Assist the patient in performing swallowing exercises each shift.
  • D. Ask the family to provide a sitter to remain with the patient at all times.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Provide the patient with a writing board each shift. This intervention addresses the impaired verbal communication by offering an alternative way for the patient to communicate. Writing board enables the patient to express thoughts and feelings, reducing the risk of loneliness. Choice B doesn't directly address the communication issue. Choice C is not relevant to the nursing diagnosis. Choice D, while promoting companionship, doesn't address the specific communication concern stated in the diagnosis.

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