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Which of the ff values pertaining to different clients shows the normal range of plasma pH?
- A. 7.35-7.45
- B. 8-Jul
- C. 6.35-6.45
- D. 8.35-8.45
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The normal range of plasma pH in the human body typically falls between 7.35 and 7.45. This range is necessary to maintain the body's acid-base balance, which is crucial for normal physiological functioning. Deviations from this range can indicate acidosis (pH < 7.35) or alkalosis (pH > 7.45), both of which can have serious health implications. Therefore, option A (7.35-7.45) represents the normal range of plasma pH among different clients.
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You asked to obtain a measurement of serum sodium level in the hospital lab; you obtain a value of 125 mmol/L by repeating the test 5 times. The reference value of serum sodium at that lab is between 135-155 mmol/L. Your measurement is termed
- A. accurate but not precise
- B. precise but not accurate
- C. neither accurate nor precise
- D. both accurate and precise
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The measurement is consistently low, indicating it is neither close to the true value (inaccurate) nor consistent with the reference range.
If a patient has elevated pulmonary vascular pressures, the nurse understands that the patient is most likely to develop which of the ff. physiological cardiac changes?
- A. Left atrial atrophy
- B. Left ventricular hypertrophy
- C. Right atrial atrophy
- D. Right ventricular hypertrophy
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Elevated pulmonary vascular pressures can lead to pulmonary hypertension, which causes increased pressure in the right side of the heart. The right ventricle has to work harder to pump blood against the increased resistance in the pulmonary circulation. Over time, this can result in the development of right ventricular hypertrophy as the muscle of the right ventricle thickens in response to the increased workload. This is a compensatory mechanism to try to maintain cardiac output despite the increased pressure in the pulmonary circulation. Left atrial atrophy, left ventricular hypertrophy, and right atrial atrophy are not typically associated with elevated pulmonary vascular pressures.
A client has had heavy menstrual bleeding for 6 months. Her gynecologist diagnoses microcytic hypochromic anemia and prescribes ferrous sulfate (Feosol), 300mg PO daily. Before initiating iron therapy, the nurse reviews the client's medical history. Which condition would contraindicate the use of ferrous sulfate?
- A. Pregnancy
- B. Ulcerative colitis
- C. Asthma
- D. Severely impaired liver function
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Severely impaired liver function is a contraindication for the use of ferrous sulfate. In patients with liver disease, iron metabolism can be affected, leading to potential toxicity from iron accumulation. Ferrous sulfate is primarily metabolized by the liver, so in cases of severely impaired liver function, the metabolism of the drug may be altered, leading to potential adverse effects. It is important to consider alternative iron therapy options in patients with severe liver impairment to avoid potential complications.
A male client is prescribed medications that depress thrombocytes. The nurse should monitor for which of the ff signs and symptoms in the client?
- A. Sore throat and swollen glands
- B. Pernicious anemia with weakness
- C. Bleeding gums and dark tarry tools
- D. Thickening of blood and bruising
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Thrombocytes, also known as platelets, play a crucial role in blood clotting. Medications that depress thrombocytes can lead to decreased clotting ability and an increased risk of bleeding. Therefore, monitoring for signs and symptoms of bleeding is essential. Bleeding gums and dark tarry stools are indicative of bleeding in the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract, respectively, and are key indicators to watch for in a client taking medications that depress thrombocytes. Options A, B, and D are not directly related to the impact of thrombocyte depression on clotting function.
You are discussing the risk of radiotherapy with the parents of a child with medulloblastoma; the mother has a concern about the late neurological complications post radiotherapy. The statement that should be included in the discussion that late neurological sequelae post radiotherapy is more severe with
- A. focal radiotherapy rather than craniospinal irradiation
- B. children with an age of less than 3 year
- C. concomitant chemo-radiotherapy
- D. low grade tumors rather than high grade tumors
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Younger children (<3 years) are more susceptible to long-term neurotoxic effects of radiotherapy.