Nokea
Which of the following actions is most appropriate for reducing the risk of infection during the post-operative period?
- A. Flush the central line with heparin at least every four hours
- B. Administer narcotic analgesics as needed
- C. Remove the urinary catheter as soon as the client is ambulatory
- D. Order a high-protein diet for the client
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The most appropriate action to reduce the risk of infection during the post-operative period is to remove the urinary catheter as soon as the client is ambulatory. Urinary catheters can serve as a source of bacteria, increasing the risk of infection in the bladder or urethra. By removing the catheter promptly once the client is mobile, the risk of infection can be minimized. Option A, flushing the central line with heparin, is not directly related to reducing urinary tract infections. Option B, administering narcotic analgesics as needed, is important for pain management but does not directly address infection prevention. Option D, ordering a high-protein diet, may be beneficial for wound healing but does not specifically target infection risk reduction in the post-operative period.
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A client is complaining of pain in his right hand after surgery. The IV in his hand has slowed down, and the skin around the site is reddened and cool. The client reports localized pain in the hand and fingers. What is the most likely cause of this client's pain?
- A. The client's IV is infiltrated
- B. The client is experiencing phlebitis from the last drug administered
- C. The client has a blood clot developing in the distal arteries of the wrist
- D. The client's pain is associated with myocardial ischemia and he is having a heart attack
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pain, cool skin, and edema at an IV injection site indicate IV infiltration. The reddened and cool skin around the IV site, along with localized pain and a slowed IV drip rate, are classic signs of infiltration. Infiltration occurs when IV fluids or medications enter the surrounding tissues instead of the vein, leading to potential tissue damage. Phlebitis is inflammation of a vein, not infiltration. A blood clot in the distal arteries of the wrist would not cause these specific symptoms. Myocardial ischemia and heart attack are unrelated to the client's localized hand pain and IV issues.
A patient's Foley catheter has been discontinued. You will dispose of this patient equipment by doing which of the following?
- A. Wearing gloves and then placing this equipment in the regular trash can after it is placed in a paper bag.
- B. Simply placing this equipment in the regular trash can after it is placed in a paper bag.
- C. Wearing gloves and then placing this equipment into a special 'hazardous waste' container.
- D. Simply placing this equipment in the 'hazardous waste' container after it is placed in a paper bag.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When disposing of used patient equipment, such as a Foley catheter, that has come in contact with bodily fluids, it is considered hazardous waste. The correct procedure involves wearing gloves and placing the Foley bag and tubing into a special 'hazardous waste' container. This container is marked as 'Hazardous' and is typically red to indicate the potential danger of its contents. Placing the equipment in a regular trash can, even if placed in a paper bag, is not appropriate as it does not meet the standards for disposing of hazardous waste. Therefore, options A and B are incorrect. Similarly, simply placing the equipment in a 'hazardous waste' container after it is placed in a paper bag is also incorrect as direct disposal into the designated container while wearing gloves is the proper protocol, making option D incorrect.
A client is being transferred from a bed to a wheelchair. Which action is essential to maintain client safety in this situation?
- A. Position the wheelchair at the foot of the bed
- B. Maintain a space of at least 12 inches between the wheelchair and the bed
- C. Place the footplates in the lowest position before transferring the client
- D. Lock both wheels on the wheelchair before moving the client
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: When transferring a client from a bed to a wheelchair, it is crucial to prioritize client safety. Locking both wheels on the wheelchair before moving the client is essential as it adds stability and prevents the wheelchair from moving unexpectedly during the transfer process. Placing the wheelchair at the foot of the bed allows for easier transfer, but ensuring the wheels are locked is more critical for safety. Maintaining a 12-inch space between the wheelchair and the bed is not as essential as ensuring wheel locks are engaged. While placing the footplates in the lowest position can enhance client comfort, it is not a safety measure that is as critical as securing the wheelchair by locking its wheels before the transfer.
A physician has ordered that a client must be placed in a high Fowler's position. How does the nurse position this client?
- A. The client is placed face-down
- B. The client lies on his back with his head lower than his feet
- C. The client lies on his back with the knees drawn up toward the chest
- D. The client is sitting with the backrest at a 90-degree angle
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A high Fowler's position is a modification of the semi-Fowler's position, in which the client is seated with arms resting at the sides or in the lap. The high Fowler's position requires that the client's head and upper chest are elevated, and the backrest is at a 90-degree angle. This position supports breathing and appropriate chest wall movement, making it easier for the client to breathe. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because a high Fowler's position involves the client being in a sitting position with the backrest at a 90-degree angle, not being face-down, lying with the head lower than the feet, or lying on the back with knees drawn up towards the chest.
Which bloodborne pathogen is the most virulent? (Choose the BEST answer.)
- A. HCV
- B. HPV
- C. HIV
- D. HBV
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is HCV (Hepatitis C Virus). Hepatitis C is considered the most virulent bloodborne pathogen, being 100 times more virulent than Hepatitis B. HPV (Human Papillomavirus) is a sexually transmitted infection but is not a bloodborne pathogen. HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) affects the immune system but is not as virulent as Hepatitis C in terms of bloodborne transmission. HBV (Hepatitis B Virus) is less virulent compared to HCV in the context of bloodborne transmission.