Nokea
Which of the following activities are appropriate for a child who is recovering from orchiopexy?
- A. Baseball games
- B. Running around the playground
- C. Horseback riding
- D. Puzzle games
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Baseball games: Participating in baseball games may involve running, jumping, and sudden movements that could potentially strain the surgical area or cause discomfort. It's best to avoid strenuous physical activities like baseball until the child has fully recovered from orchiopexy. Running around the playground: Running around the playground may also involve vigorous physical activity that could potentially affect the surgical site. It's advisable to limit activities that involve running or jumping until the child's healthcare provider gives clearance. Horseback riding: Horseback riding involves sitting on a horse and may put pressure on the groin area, where the surgical site is located. It's generally recommended to avoid activities like horseback riding until the child has fully healed from orchiopexy. Puzzle games: Puzzle games are typically low-impact activities that do not involve physical exertion or strain on the surgical area. Engaging in quiet, seated activities like puzzle games can be suitable for a child who is recovering from orchiopexy and may help keep them entertained during the recovery period.
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A nurse is providing teaching to a parent of a child who has celiac disease. The nurse should include which of the following as an acceptable food choice for this child?
- A. Barley
- B. Rye
- C. Rice
- D. Wheat
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Barley: Barley is a grain that contains gluten. Foods made from barley, such as barley flour or barley-based products like bread, cereal, or beer, should be avoided by individuals with celiac disease because gluten can trigger an immune response that damages the small intestine. Rye: Similar to barley, rye is another grain that contains gluten. Foods made from rye, such as rye bread or rye-based cereals, should also be avoided by individuals with celiac disease because they can trigger adverse reactions due to gluten. Rice: Rice is a gluten-free grain and is safe for individuals with celiac disease to consume. It does not contain gluten proteins that can cause intestinal damage or trigger immune responses in those with gluten sensitivity or celiac disease. Wheat: Wheat is a major source of gluten and should be strictly avoided by individuals with celiac disease. Foods made from wheat, such as wheat bread, pasta, or baked goods, can lead to symptoms and intestinal damage in individuals with gluten intolerance or celiac disease.
A nurse is preparing to administer vaccines to a 4-month-old infant. Which of the following vaccines should the nurse plan to administer?
- A. Influenza
- B. Rotavirus
- C. Measles, mumps, rubella (MMR)
- D. Varicella (VAR)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Influenza: The influenza vaccine is typically administered annually starting at 6 months of age. It helps protect against seasonal influenza viruses and is usually recommended during the fall or winter months. Rotavirus: The rotavirus vaccine is routinely administered to infants starting at 2 months of age, with additional doses given at 4 and 6 months of age. It helps prevent rotavirus infection, which can cause severe diarrhea and vomiting in infants and young children. Measles, mumps, rubella (MMR): The MMR vaccine is typically administered around 12-15 months of age, with a second dose given at 4-6 years of age. It helps protect against measles, mumps, and rubella, which are contagious viral infections that can cause serious complications. Varicella (VAR): The varicella vaccine, also known as the chickenpox vaccine, is usually administered around 12-15 months of age, with a second dose given at 4-6 years of age. It helps prevent chickenpox, a highly contagious viral infection characterized by a rash and fever.
The nurse is instructing a mother of a 1-year-old child with strabismus about the treatment options. Which statement by the mother would indicate the need for further teaching?
- A. “There are a few causes of this condition and they tell me my child has crossed eyes because of a muscle imbalance.
- B. I will have my child wear an eye patch over the good eye to help strengthen the weak eye.
- C. My child will outgrow this by the time he is 2 years old and be able to see just fine.
- D. If this eye patch does not work I know we will have to do surgery to correct my child's crossed eyes.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: There are a few causes of this condition and they tell me my child has crossed eyes because of a muscle imbalance.': This statement demonstrates the mother's comprehension of the cause of strabismus, which can indeed result from a muscle imbalance affecting the alignment of the eyes. Understanding the cause is essential for the mother to grasp the rationale behind treatment interventions. 'I will have my child wear an eye patch over the good eye to help strengthen the weak eye.': Patching the stronger eye is a common treatment approach for strabismus to encourage the weaker eye to become stronger and improve alignment. The mother's statement indicates her awareness of this treatment modality. 'My child will outgrow this by the time he is 2 years old and be able to see just fine.': While some cases of strabismus may improve as a child grows, not all cases resolve spontaneously. This statement suggests the mother's belief in the possibility of spontaneous resolution, which may be accurate in some instances but not guaranteed for all cases of strabismus. 'If this eye patch does not work I know we will have to do surgery to correct my child's crossed eyes.': Surgery is indeed an option for correcting strabismus, especially if conservative measures like patching do not yield satisfactory results. The mother's understanding of this potential treatment escalation reflects her grasp of the condition's management plan.
A nurse is reviewing discharge instructions with a client who has pruritus following treatment for scabies. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Take a hot shower daily to relieve itching.
- B. Wear loose fitting clothing while you are experiencing itching.
- C. Add fabric softener to linens when they are washed.
- D. Use a soft bristle brush to gently rub the affected areas.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Take a hot shower daily to relieve itching.' This instruction is not recommended because hot water can exacerbate itching and worsen the condition. Hot showers can strip the skin of its natural oils, leading to further dryness and irritation, which may aggravate the itching associated with scabies. 'Wear loose fitting clothing while you are experiencing itching.' This instruction is appropriate because loose-fitting clothing can help minimize friction and irritation on the skin affected by scabies. Tight clothing can exacerbate itching and discomfort, so wearing loose clothing can provide relief and allow the skin to breathe. 'Add fabric softener to linens when they are washed.' This instruction is not recommended because fabric softeners may contain chemicals or fragrances that can irritate the skin, especially for someone with pruritus or scabies. It's best to use gentle, fragrance-free laundry detergent to wash linens and clothing to minimize potential irritation. 'Use a soft bristle brush to gently rub the affected areas.' This instruction is not recommended because using a brush, even if it has soft bristles, can further irritate the skin and potentially spread the scabies mites to other areas of the body. It's best to avoid any abrasive or vigorous rubbing of the affected areas and instead focus on gentle cleansing and moisturizing techniques.
A newborn's failure to pass meconium within the first 24 hours after birth may indicate which of the following?
- A. Abdominal wall defect
- B. Celiac disease.
- C. Intussusception
- D. Hirschsprung disease
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Abdominal wall defect: Failure to pass meconium within the first 24 hours after birth can indicate a potential obstruction in the gastrointestinal tract. While an abdominal wall defect could potentially cause gastrointestinal issues, it is not specifically associated with failure to pass meconium. Celiac disease: Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by an abnormal immune response to gluten. While celiac disease can cause gastrointestinal symptoms, such as diarrhea and abdominal pain, it is not typically associated with failure to pass meconium in the newborn period. Intussusception: Intussusception occurs when one segment of the intestine telescopes into another, causing a bowel obstruction. While intussusception is a cause of bowel obstruction in infants, it typically presents with symptoms such as colicky abdominal pain, vomiting, and the passage of 'currant jelly' stool, rather than failure to pass meconium. Hirschsprung disease: Hirschsprung disease is a congenital condition characterized by the absence of ganglion cells in the distal portion of the colon, leading to functional obstruction. Failure to pass meconium within the first 24 hours after birth is a classic sign of Hirschsprung disease. This condition requires surgical intervention to remove the affected portion of the colon and restore normal bowel function.