Nokea
Which of the following activities would the nurse perform during the diagnosing phase of the nursing process? Select all that apply.
- A. Collect and organize client information
- B. Analyze data
- C. Identify problems, risks, and client strengths
- D. Develop nursing diagnoses
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: During the diagnosing phase of the nursing process, the nurse analyzes the collected data to identify problems, risks, and client strengths, which then leads to developing nursing diagnoses. Collecting and organizing client information is part of the assessment phase, where data is gathered. Developing nursing diagnoses comes after data analysis in the diagnosing phase. Goal setting is a component of the planning phase, which follows the diagnosing phase.
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Which of the following descriptors is most appropriate to use when stating the 'problem' part of a nursing diagnosis?
- A. Grimacing
- B. Anxiety
- C. Oxygenation saturation 93%
- D. Output 500 mL in 8 hours
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The problem part of a nursing diagnosis in the context of nursing care plans should focus on the client's response to a life process, event, or stressor. This response is what is used to identify the nursing diagnosis. 'Anxiety' is the most appropriate descriptor for the problem part of a nursing diagnosis as it reflects a psychological response that can be addressed by nursing interventions. 'Grimacing' is a physical manifestation and not the problem itself. 'Oxygenation saturation 93%' and 'Output 500 mL in 8 hours' are data points or cues that a nurse would use to formulate the nursing diagnostic statement, not the actual problem being addressed.
Which desired outcome written by the nurse is correctly written and measurable?
- A. Client will have a normal bowel pattern by April 2
- B. The client will lose 4 lbs. within the next 2 weeks
- C. The nurse will provide skin care at least 3 times each day
- D. The client will breathe better after resting for 10 minutes
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: An outcome statement must describe the observable client behavior that should occur in response to the nursing interventions. It consists of a subject, action verb, conditions under which the behavior is to be performed, and the level at which the client will perform the desired behavior. Option B is correctly written and measurable as it includes all the required elements: subject (client), action verb (lose), conditions (within the next 2 weeks), and the level at which the behavior should occur (4 lbs.). Option A lacks the conditions and a specific level, making it not measurable. Option C is a nursing intervention rather than a client goal. Option D does not provide a specific level at which the client should perform the desired behavior, making it not measurable as well.
What is the MOST ACCURATE statement regarding the ESR test?
- A. The results are diagnostic for certain conditions.
- B. Abnormal results are indicative of a potentially fatal illness.
- C. Abnormal results should be followed by additional testing.
- D. Results are reported in millimeters per hour.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is a non-specific screening test for inflammation in the body. It is not used as a definitive diagnostic tool for specific conditions. When ESR results are abnormal, they indicate the presence of inflammation, which can be caused by various reasons. Therefore, abnormal results should be followed by additional testing to determine the underlying cause. The ESR test measures the rate at which red blood cells settle in a vertical tube over the span of one hour, and results are reported in millimeters per hour. Choice A is incorrect because ESR results are not solely diagnostic for any specific condition. Choice B is incorrect as abnormal ESR results do not directly indicate a potentially fatal illness without further investigation. Choice D is incorrect as the results are reported in millimeters per hour, not per minute.
When teaching a patient to use the three-point gait technique of crutch use:
- A. The injured leg moves ahead at the same time as both crutches.
- B. One crutch moves at a time and is then followed by the injured leg.
- C. Both crutches move ahead at the same time followed by both legs at the same time.
- D. None of the above are correct.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct technique for a three-point gait involves the injured leg moving simultaneously with both crutches, followed by the uninjured leg. This gait pattern is utilized when the patient is unable to bear full weight on one of their legs. Choice A accurately describes the appropriate sequence of movements for the three-point gait technique. Choices B and C do not accurately reflect the correct pattern of movement during the three-point gait technique, making them incorrect. Choice D is incorrect as there is a correct option among the choices provided.
When caring for a single client during one shift, it is appropriate for the nurse to reuse only which of the following personal protective equipment?
- A. Goggles
- B. Gown
- C. Surgical mask
- D. Clean gloves
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Goggles may be reused unless they are overly contaminated by material that has splashed in the nurse's face and cannot be effectively rinsed off. Gowns are at high risk for contamination and should be used only once and then discarded or washed. Surgical masks and gloves should never be washed or reused. Goggles provide eye protection from splashes and should be cleaned and disinfected after each use to ensure proper protection.