Cardiovascular Pharmacology Drug Class

Cardiovascular Pharmacology Drug Class Related

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Which of the following antipsychotic agents is used in combination with an opioid drug fentanyl in neuroleptanalgesia?

  • A. Haloperidol
  • B. Droperidol
  • C. Chlorpromazine
  • D. Clozapine
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Droperidol. Droperidol is commonly used in combination with fentanyl in neuroleptanalgesia due to its potent antiemetic and sedative properties. It helps enhance the analgesic effects of fentanyl and provides better sedation during procedures.

Rationale:
1. Haloperidol (A) is not typically used in neuroleptanalgesia as it lacks the same synergistic effects with opioids as droperidol.
2. Chlorpromazine (C) is not commonly used in neuroleptanalgesia and is more often used in the treatment of psychotic disorders.
3. Clozapine (D) is an atypical antipsychotic and is not part of the standard neuroleptanalgesia regimen.

In summary, droperidol is the preferred antipsychotic agent for use in combination with fentanyl in neuroleptanalgesia due to its specific pharmacological properties that

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Indicate the antiseizure drug, which is a sulfonamide derivative, blocking Na+ channels and having additional ability to inhibit T-type Ca2+ channels:

  • A. Tiagabine
  • B. Zonisamide
  • C. Ethosuximide
  • D. Primidone
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Zonisamide. Zonisamide is a sulfonamide derivative that blocks Na+ channels and also inhibits T-type Ca2+ channels. This dual mechanism of action helps in controlling seizures. Tiagabine (A) inhibits GABA reuptake, Ethosuximide (C) blocks T-type Ca2+ channels only, and Primidone (D) is metabolized into phenobarbital, which enhances GABAergic activity.

This drug is an anticonvulsant frequently used to treat generalized tonic-clonic seizures.

  • A. Adenosine
  • B. Amiodarone
  • C. Diltiazem
  • D. Esmolol
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Amiodarone. Amiodarone is not commonly used as an anticonvulsant; it is primarily used as an antiarrhythmic medication to treat various types of irregular heart rhythms. Adenosine is used to treat supraventricular tachycardia, not seizures. Diltiazem is a calcium channel blocker used for hypertension and arrhythmias, not seizures. Esmolol is a beta-blocker primarily used for controlling heart rate in certain conditions, not seizures. Therefore, Amiodarone is the most appropriate choice for treating generalized tonic-clonic seizures.

Which of the following drugs is believed to improve microcirculation in peripheral vascular diseases by promoting RBC flexibility?

  • A. Cyclandelate
  • B. Theophyline
  • C. Pentoxiphyline
  • D. Nicotinic acid
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Pentoxifylline improves RBC flexibility and reduces blood viscosity, enhancing microcirculation.

Which of the following local anesthetics is an useful antiarrhythmic agent?

  • A. Cocaine
  • B. Lidocaine
  • C. Bupivacaine
  • D. Ropivacaine
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Lidocaine. Lidocaine is a Class Ib antiarrhythmic agent that stabilizes cell membranes by blocking sodium channels, reducing excitability and conduction velocity in cardiac tissue. It is commonly used to treat ventricular arrhythmias. Cocaine (A) is a local anesthetic but not typically used as an antiarrhythmic. Bupivacaine (C) and Ropivacaine (D) are long-acting local anesthetics and are not commonly used as antiarrhythmics due to their mechanism of action.

All of these drugs are antiplatelet agents EXCEPT:

  • A. Aspirin
  • B. Urokinase
  • C. Ticlopidine
  • D. Clopidogrel
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Urokinase. Urokinase is a thrombolytic agent that works by breaking down blood clots, not preventing platelet aggregation like the other options. Aspirin inhibits COX enzyme, Ticlopidine and Clopidogrel are both ADP receptor antagonists which prevent platelet activation. Therefore, urokinase does not belong to the class of antiplatelet agents.