Nokea
Which of the following are all components of sperm?
- A. acrosome, flagellum, nucleus
- B. codpiece, flagellum, midpiece
- C. nucleus, seminal vesicles, mitochondria
- D. DNA, flagellum, efferent ductules
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: acrosome, flagellum, nucleus. The acrosome contains enzymes for penetrating the egg. The flagellum is the tail for movement. The nucleus contains genetic material. Choice B is incorrect because a codpiece is a protective garment and not a component of sperm. Choice C is incorrect because seminal vesicles and mitochondria are not components of sperm. Choice D is incorrect because efferent ductules are part of the male reproductive system, not a component of sperm.
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Patella is a
- A. Irregular bone
- B. Short bone
- C. Sesamoid bone
- D. Flat bone
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The patella is a sesamoid bone located within the tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle. Sesamoid bones are small, round bones embedded within tendons, providing protection and improving the mechanical advantage of the muscle. It is not irregular (A), short (B), or flat (D) as it does not fit the structural characteristics of those bone types. Therefore, the correct answer is C.
Three days after having a pelvic exenteration procedure, a client suddenly complains of a 'giving' sensation along her abdominal incision. You check under the dressing and find that the wound edges are open and loops of intestine are protruding. Which action should you take first?
- A. Call the client's surgeon and report that wound evisceration has occurred.
- B. Cover the wound with saline-soaked dressings.
- C. Don sterile gloves and gently replace the intestine back in the wound.
- D. Check the client's blood pressure and heart rate.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Covering the exposed tissue with saline-soaked dressings prevents drying and reduces risk of further complications.
A female athlete who took testosterone-like steroids for several months stopped having normal menstrual cycles. What is the best explanation for this observation?
- A. Testosterone stimulates inhibin production from the corpus luteum
- B. Testosterone binds to receptors in the endometrium, resulting in the endometrium’s failure to develop during the normal cycle
- C. Testosterone binds to receptors in the anterior pituitary that stimulate the secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)
- D. Testosterone inhibits the hypothalamic secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone and the pituitary secretion of LH and FSH
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because testosterone inhibits the hypothalamic secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and the pituitary secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). This disruption in the normal hormonal feedback loop leads to the suppression of ovulation and the menstrual cycle. Option A is incorrect because inhibin is not directly affected by testosterone. Option B is incorrect as testosterone does not bind to endometrial receptors directly. Option C is incorrect because testosterone does not stimulate the secretion of FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary.
The pituitary FSH controls:
- A. the maturation of the ovarian follicles;
- B. the estrogen secretion;
- C. ovulation;
- D. the progesterone secretion;
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The pituitary FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) controls the maturation of ovarian follicles by stimulating their growth and development. FSH plays a crucial role in the early stages of the menstrual cycle. Estrogen secretion is primarily regulated by the ovaries, not FSH. Ovulation is mainly triggered by the surge in LH (Luteinizing Hormone) levels, not FSH. Progesterone secretion is mainly controlled by the corpus luteum, which forms after ovulation, not directly by FSH. Therefore, the correct answer is A as FSH directly influences the growth and maturation of ovarian follicles.
When does a nurse use transillumination of the scrotum?
- A. When the patient has tortuosity of the veins along the spermatic cord
- B. When the patient has an indirect hernia
- C. When there is a mass or fluid in the epididymis
- D. When there is twisting of the testicle and spermatic cord
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Transillumination of the scrotum is used when there is a mass or fluid in the epididymis. Transillumination helps to differentiate between solid masses and fluid-filled structures. It is not used for tortuosity of veins (A), indirect hernia (B), or twisting of the testicle and spermatic cord (D). Vein tortuosity is diagnosed through physical examination, hernias are detected through palpation, and testicular torsion is confirmed through Doppler ultrasound.