Nokea
Which of the following are common symptoms of hyperthyroidism?
- A. Tremor
- B. Weight gain
- C. Heat intolerance
- D. Diarrhoea
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Tremor (A): Tremors or shaky hands are common symptoms of hyperthyroidism. This is due to the increased metabolic rate caused by excess thyroid hormone in the body.
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Enlargement of the bones of the hands, feet, and face due to overproduction of growth hormone is called :
- A. Acromegaly
- B. Cushing syndrome
- C. Gigantism
- D. Myxedema
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Acromegaly is the condition characterized by the enlargement of the bones of the hands, feet, and face due to the overproduction of growth hormone in adults. This excess growth hormone typically comes from a benign tumor in the pituitary gland, leading to the gradual enlargement of these body parts. Cushing syndrome, on the other hand, is caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol and is not directly related to bone enlargement. Gigantism is the condition of excessive growth in height due to overproduction of growth hormone occurring in children before the closure of growth plates. Myxedema is a term used to describe severe hypothyroidism and is not directly associated with bone enlargement.
All of the following are potential causes of elevated LDL , except:
- A. Cirrhosis
- B. Hypothyroidism
- C. Nephrotic syndrome
- D. Thiazide diuretics
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cirrhosis is not a potential cause of elevated LDL cholesterol levels. The liver plays a significant role in cholesterol metabolism, and liver disease like cirrhosis can actually lead to decreased levels of LDL cholesterol. Elevated LDL cholesterol levels can be caused by conditions such as hypothyroidism, nephrotic syndrome, or the use of certain medications like thiazide diuretics.
Prolonged ingestion of iodine can produce goiter, and is known as:
- A. Jod-Basedow effect
- B. Sick euthyroid syndrome
- C. Wolf-Chaikoff effect
- D. Thyrotoxicosis factitia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The prolonged ingestion of iodine causing goiter is known as the Wolf-Chaikoff effect. This phenomenon occurs when high levels of iodine cause a temporary inhibition of thyroid hormone synthesis, resulting in a decrease in thyroid hormone production. In some individuals, this can lead to the development of a goiter due to the lack of thyroid hormone feedback regulation. It is important to note that the Wolf-Chaikoff effect typically resolves on its own as the thyroid gland adapts to the increased iodine levels over time.
Which of the following are causes of Addison's disease?
- A. Adrenoleukodystrophy
- B. Pyelonephritis
- C. Tuberculosis
- D. Autoimmune destruction of the adrenal cortex
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Addison's disease, also known as primary adrenal insufficiency, is mainly caused by the autoimmune destruction of the adrenal cortex. This results in the inadequate production of hormones such as cortisol and aldosterone by the adrenal glands. While other conditions such as Adrenoleukodystrophy, Pyelonephritis, and Tuberculosis can also affect the adrenal glands, they are not known to be direct causes of Addison's disease.
Increased muscle mass with slowness of activity (Hoffman syndrome) is seen in:
- A. Acromegaly
- B. Myxoedema
- C. Pseudohypoparathyroidism
- D. Myotonia dystrophica
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Acromegaly is a disorder caused by excessive growth hormone production by the pituitary gland in adults, leading to an increase in muscle mass (hypertrophy). Hoffman syndrome, characterized by increased muscle mass with slowness of activity, is a clinical feature often seen in individuals with acromegaly. The excessive growth hormone levels in acromegaly can cause acral growth, soft tissue swelling, and muscle hypertrophy, contributing to the characteristic features of the condition, including Hoffman syndrome. Therefore, the correct answer is Acromegaly.