Nokea
Which of the following are considered measures of spread?
- A. Interquartile range
- B. Percentile
- C. Range
- D. Standard deviation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The interquartile range is a robust measure of variability.
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The statistical analysis of two unrelated big data (n=200) is by:
- A. A paired t-test
- B. Chi-square test
- C. Z-test
- D. Unpaired test
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Unpaired tests compare means between two independent large samples.
Define in your own words the term 'secular changes'.
- A. Long-term trends in disease patterns over years or decades.
- B. Short-term fluctuations in health data.
- C. Changes in healthcare policies.
- D. Seasonal variations in disease incidence.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Secular changes refer to long-term trends in disease patterns, often spanning years or decades, and are distinct from short-term or seasonal variations.
Selection bias interferes-
- A. internal validity
- B. external validity
- C. face validity
- D. all
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Selection bias undermines internal validity by affecting the comparability of study groups.
Comparing numbers and rates of illness in a community, rates are preferred for:
- A. Conducting surveillance for communicable diseases
- B. Deciding how many doses of immune globulin are needed
- C. Estimating subgroups at highest risk
- D. Telling physicians which strain of influenza is most prevalent
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rates allow comparisons across populations and help identify high-risk groups.
Which of the following meats contains more cholesterol and triglycerides
- A. pork meat
- B. beef meat
- C. fish
- D. all
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pork meat generally contains higher levels of cholesterol and triglycerides compared to other meats.