Which of the following are events that a person may experien...

Which of the following are events that a person may experience, witness, or be confronted by that may trigger posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?

A. Being a survivor of a tsunami that resulted in thousands of deaths
B. Being stranded at the office during a typical winter storm that was anticipated
C. Being a marine in a combat situation where the entire platoon was wiped out except for one person
D. Being hidden in a closet and hearing the entire family murdered by someone who broke into the home
E. Watching televised segments of the moment when the plane hit the second tower on 9/11

Correct Answer: A,C,D,E

Rationale: PTSD triggers involve exposure to actual or threatened death or serious injury, such as surviving a tsunami, combat, or hearing a family murder, or witnessing 9/11, but not a typical, anticipated storm.

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A client is seeking counseling due to difficulty coping with being a victim of a violent attack 16 months ago. The initial medical diagnosis is to rule out posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Which would the nurse assess for when determining the major elements of PTSD?

A. Reexperiencing the trauma through dreams or recurrent and intrusive thoughts
B. Showing emotional numbing such as feeling detached from others
C. Being on guard, irritable, or experiencing hyperarousal
D. Feeling mildly anxious
E. Occurs 2 weeks after the trauma

Correct Answer: A,B,C

Rationale: PTSD's major elements include reexperiencing trauma, emotional numbing, and hyperarousal, while mild anxiety or early onset (2 weeks) suggest acute stress disorder instead.

Which of the following might the nurse recognize as longer-term responses to trauma and stress?

A. Acute stress disorder
B. Posttraumatic stress disorder
C. Adjustment disorder
D. Reactive attachment disorder
E. Dissociative disorder

Correct Answer: B,C,D,E

Rationale: Longer-term responses include PTSD, adjustment disorder, reactive attachment disorder, and dissociative disorder, as they persist beyond the acute phase, unlike acute stress disorder.

Which of the following statements regarding the individual responses to trauma and stressors is a positive outcome?

A. Many individuals are unable to cope with the event, manage their stress and emotions, or resume the daily activities of their lives.
B. Some individuals may develop enhanced coping as a result of dealing with the stressor.
C. These events are only significant in individuals who have risk for or actual mental health problems or issues.
D. Large numbers or groups of people may be affected by a traumatic event.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Developing enhanced coping skills after dealing with a stressor is a positive outcome, unlike persistent inability to cope or the misconception that only those with mental health risks are affected.

A nurse is providing education about trauma and its effects to a community group in a community that has just been hit by a devastating tornado. One of the participants asked about what kind of support a survivor of the tornado will need. Which would be the best response of the nurse?

A. If a person is willing to share his or her feelings about what has happened, he or she is not dealing with their feelings effectively.
B. It is counterproductive for people to share what has happened to them and their feelings about it as there is nothing more to be done.
C. If a person is reluctant to share his or her feelings, he or she may be denying his or her importance and may be at increased risk for future problems such as PTSD.
D. It is best to wait until a survivor's life has returned to normal before dealing with the trauma.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Reluctance to share feelings may indicate denial, increasing PTSD risk, while early expression of feelings supports effective trauma processing.

Which of the following interventions would be most effective for friends and family members to implement in order to boost the self-esteem of a person who has just experienced trauma or abuse?

A. To identify a list of support people or activities in the community
B. To remind them to calm down when they appear to be experiencing a flashback
C. To encourage them to tell their story repeatedly to everyone they meet
D. To help them to refocus their view of themselves from being victims to being survivors

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Reframing the person as a survivor rather than a victim fosters empowerment and boosts self-esteem, unlike social support lists or unhelpful flashback interventions.