Test Bank Pharmacology and the Nursing Process

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Which of the following are examples of common factors in a client that may influence assessment priorities?

  • A. Diet and exercise program
  • B. Standing in the community
  • C. Ability to pay for services
  • D. Developmental stage
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Diet and exercise program. This is because a client's diet and exercise program directly impact their physical health and well-being, making it an important factor to consider when determining assessment priorities. Understanding their dietary habits and level of physical activity can help identify potential health risks or areas for improvement.

Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not directly relate to the client's physical health and well-being, which are crucial factors in determining assessment priorities. Standing in the community (B) may influence social interactions but does not necessarily impact assessment priorities. Ability to pay for services (C) relates to financial considerations rather than health assessment priorities. Developmental stage (D) may be important for understanding the client's cognitive and emotional development, but it is not as directly relevant to assessment priorities as diet and exercise.

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A client with supraglottic cancer undergoes a partial laryngectomy. Postoperatively, a cuffed tracheostomy tube is in place. When removing secretions that pool above the cuff, the nurse should instruct the client to:

  • A. Cough as the cuff is being deflated
  • B. Hold the breath as the cuff is being re-inflated
  • C. Take a deep breath as the nurse deflates the
  • D. Exhale deeply as the nurse re-inflates the cuff cuff
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Exhale deeply as the nurse re-inflates the cuff.
Rationale:
1. When the cuff of the tracheostomy tube is deflated, the client should be instructed to exhale deeply to prevent aspiration of secretions.
2. Exhaling helps to clear the airway by pushing secretions out of the trachea, reducing the risk of aspiration.
3. Inhaling or holding the breath while the cuff is being re-inflated can increase the risk of inhaling secretions.
4. Coughing as the cuff is being deflated (choice A) may not be as effective in clearing secretions as exhaling deeply.
5. Taking a deep breath as the nurse deflates the cuff (choice C) may not be as effective as exhaling deeply in preventing aspiration.
In summary, choice D is the correct answer because exhaling deeply helps clear secretions and reduce the risk of aspiration, while the other choices may

A nurse is developing a care plan. Which intervention is most appropriate for the nursing diagnostic statement Risk for loneliness related to impaired verbal communication?

  • A. Provide the patient with a writing board each shift.
  • B. Obtain an interpreter for the patient as soon as possible.
  • C. Assist the patient in performing swallowing exercises each shift.
  • D. Ask the family to provide a sitter to remain with the patient at all times.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Provide the patient with a writing board each shift. This intervention addresses the impaired verbal communication by offering an alternative way for the patient to communicate. Writing board enables the patient to express thoughts and feelings, reducing the risk of loneliness. Choice B doesn't directly address the communication issue. Choice C is not relevant to the nursing diagnosis. Choice D, while promoting companionship, doesn't address the specific communication concern stated in the diagnosis.

Antihistamines are used cautiously in older men with prostatic hypertrophy for which of the ff reasons?

  • A. Because the clients may experience increased drowsiness
  • B. Because these clients may experience difficulty voiding
  • C. Because these clients face a greater risk of cardiac arrest
  • D. Because these clients have a lower autoimmune response CARING FOR CLIENTS WITH AIDS
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Because these clients may experience difficulty voiding. Antihistamines can worsen urinary symptoms in men with prostatic hypertrophy by causing urinary retention. This is due to the anticholinergic effects of antihistamines, which can lead to decreased bladder contraction and difficulty in voiding. Increased drowsiness (choice A) is a common side effect of antihistamines but is not specific to older men with prostatic hypertrophy. Choice C, greater risk of cardiac arrest, is not directly related to the use of antihistamines in older men with prostatic hypertrophy. Choice D, lower autoimmune response in clients with AIDS, is unrelated to the use of antihistamines in older men with prostatic hypertrophy.

The most significant form of meningitis is:

  • A. Bacterial
  • B. Septic
  • C. Aseptic
  • D. Viral
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Bacterial meningitis. Bacterial meningitis is the most significant form due to its potential severity and rapid progression, requiring urgent medical intervention with antibiotics. Bacterial meningitis can lead to serious complications such as brain damage or death if left untreated. Septic meningitis (choice B) refers to meningitis caused by a systemic infection spreading to the meninges. Aseptic meningitis (choice C) is typically viral or non-bacterial in origin, usually milder than bacterial meningitis. Viral meningitis (choice D) is less severe than bacterial meningitis and often resolves on its own without specific treatment.

The nurse will assess a loss of ability in which of the following areas?

  • A. Balance
  • B. Speech
  • C. Judgment
  • D. Endurance
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Balance. Loss of ability in balance can indicate various health issues like neurological disorders or musculoskeletal problems. The nurse can assess this by observing the patient's gait, balance while standing, and coordination. Speech (B) relates to communication abilities, judgment (C) involves decision-making skills, and endurance (D) is related to stamina and physical capacity, which are not directly linked to loss of ability.

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