Biology HESI A2 Practice Exam

Biology HESI A2 Practice Exam Related

Review Biology HESI A2 Practice Exam related questions and content

Which of the following are found both in open and closed circulatory systems?

  • A. Arteries
  • B. Red blood cells
  • C. Capillaries
  • D. Immune cells
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, Capillaries. Capillaries are found in both open and closed circulatory systems. Capillaries are small blood vessels that connect arteries and veins, allowing for the exchange of nutrients and wastes between the blood and tissues. They are essential components of circulatory systems regardless of whether they are open or closed. Arteries (Choice A) are not found in open circulatory systems, as these systems lack distinct arteries and veins. Red blood cells (Choice B) are present in the blood but are not exclusive to either open or closed circulatory systems. Immune cells (Choice D) are not specific components of circulatory systems, as they are part of the immune system.

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Bacillus subtilis may be described as ___________.

  • A. spiral
  • B. globular
  • C. rod-shaped
  • D. grape-like clusters
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Bacillus subtilis is a rod-shaped bacterium. Its name "Bacillus" refers to its rod-like shape, which is a characteristic feature of this bacteria.

Which is not part of a nucleic acid?

  • A. Sulfate
  • B. Phosphate
  • C. Carbon
  • D. Nitrogen
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Sulfate is not part of a nucleic acid. Nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, are composed of nucleotide units, which consist of a phosphate group, a sugar molecule (ribose in RNA and deoxyribose in DNA), and a nitrogenous base. Carbon and nitrogen are essential elements found in nucleic acids, while sulfate is not a component of nucleic acid structure. Therefore, the correct answer is A: Sulfate.

Why do gardeners sometimes use salt to get rid of slugs?

  • A. The salt moves from the exterior into the slug's body.
  • B. The salt causes water in the slug to move outward.
  • C. The salt and slug slime merge to form a new compound.
  • D. The salt's corrosiveness breaks down the slug's cell walls.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Gardeners use salt to get rid of slugs because salt is corrosive and breaks down the slug's cell walls. When the slug comes into contact with salt, the salt draws moisture out of the slug's body, causing dehydration and ultimately leading to the slug's death. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the primary mechanism of salt in eliminating slugs is its corrosive action on the slug's body, not the movement of salt into the slug's body, outward movement of water in the slug, or merging with slug slime to form a new compound.

A cell containing 12 chromosomes divides into daughter cells in mitosis. How many chromosomes are in each daughter cell?

  • A. 3
  • B. 6
  • C. 12
  • D. 24
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: During mitosis, the cell undergoes nuclear division without changing the number of chromosomes. Therefore, the daughter cells produced will have the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. In this case, since the parent cell contains 12 chromosomes, each daughter cell will also have 12 chromosomes. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because during mitosis, the chromosome number remains the same, and daughter cells inherit the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

RNA is made from DNA through a process called ___________.

  • A. transcription
  • B. synthesis
  • C. translation
  • D. replication
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: RNA is made from DNA through a process called transcription. During transcription, an enzyme called RNA polymerase reads the DNA template and synthesizes a complementary RNA molecule. This process is essential for gene expression and allows the information encoded in DNA to be converted into functional RNA molecules. Choice B, 'synthesis,' is incorrect as it is a general term and does not specifically describe the process of RNA formation from DNA. Choice C, 'translation,' is incorrect as it refers to the process where the mRNA is used to assemble amino acids during protein synthesis, not the conversion of DNA to RNA. Choice D, 'replication,' is incorrect as it is the process of making an identical copy of DNA, not converting DNA into RNA.

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