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Which of the following are risk factors for pathological gambling?
- A. Impulsivity.
- B. Alcohol abuse.
- C. Parents who gamble.
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: All listed factors"impulsivity, alcohol abuse, parental gambling, and tolerance"are recognized risk factors for developing pathological gambling.
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Which of the following abilities is promoted through the use of trained medical interpreters?
- A. Ability to have 'small talk' with patients
- B. Ability to diagnose psychosocial disorders
- C. Ability to address adherence issues
- D. Ability to educate patients about their medications
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Interpreters clarify instructions, directly aiding adherence discussions.
he theorist who believes that human behavior is influenced by past experiences is
- A. Sigmund Freud
- B. Carl Rogers
- C. B.F. Skinner
- D. Albert Bandura
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Sigmund Freud's psychoanalysis links behavior to past, especially childhood, experiences.
In which stage of life is fantasy stage:
- A. 3-7 years
- B. 6-11 years
- C. 12-18 years
- D. 21-28 years
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The fantasy stage (career development, Ginzberg) occurs around 6-11 years, marked by imaginative career ideas.
Mr. and Mrs. Smith and their three children (ages 5, 8, and 10) are in therapy with the nurse psychotherapist. Mrs. Smith tells the nurse that their marriage has been 'falling apart' since the birth of their youngest child, Tom. She explains that they 'did not want a third child, and I became pregnant even after my husband had undergone a vasectomy. We were very angry, the pregnancy was a problematic one, and the child has been difficult since birth. We had problems before he was born, but since Tom was born, things have gone from bad to worse. No one can control him, and he is wrecking our family!' The nurse assesses that which of the following may be occurring in this family?
- A. Scapegoating
- B. Triangling
- C. Disengagement
- D. Enmeshment
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Scapegoating. Scapegoating occurs when one family member is blamed for the family's issues. In this case, Tom, the youngest child, is being blamed for the family's problems since his birth. Mrs. Smith explicitly states that they did not want a third child and that Tom has been difficult since birth. By blaming Tom for the family's issues, the family is using him as a scapegoat to avoid addressing their underlying problems. This behavior can negatively impact Tom's self-esteem and create further dysfunction within the family dynamics.
Incorrect Choices:
B: Triangling involves involving a third person in a conflict to avoid directly addressing the issue. While the family dynamics may involve triangulation, the primary issue here is scapegoating.
C: Disengagement refers to emotional withdrawal and lack of involvement in family dynamics. This does not align with the scenario provided.
D: Enmeshment is when boundaries between family members are blurred, leading to a
he Montessori approach believes that learning is
- A. Passive
- B. Active
- C. Teacher-driven
- D. Routine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Montessori views learning as an active process driven by the child's engagement.