Nokea
Which of the following are some elements of primary health care except?
- A. Use of appropriate technology
- B. Safe water supply
- C. Free medicines
- D. Maternal child care
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Primary health care encompasses a wide range of essential health services. While services such as the use of appropriate technology, safe water supply, and maternal child care are components of primary health care, providing free medicines is not typically considered a core element. Primary health care emphasizes accessibility, affordability, and basic health services, but free medicines may not always be sustainable or feasible in every healthcare setting. Patients may be required to pay for medications, utilize health insurance, or receive medications through public health programs, rather than always receiving them for free.
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A patient with a spinal cord injury at the level of T6 presents with hypotension, bradycardia, and diaphoresis following a sudden change in position from supine to sitting. Which condition is the patient most likely experiencing?
- A. Autonomic dysreflexia
- B. Neurogenic shock
- C. Spinal shock
- D. Orthostatic hypotension
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The patient is most likely experiencing autonomic dysreflexia. Autonomic dysreflexia is a potentially life-threatening condition that can occur in individuals with spinal cord injuries at the level of T6 or above. It is characterized by a sudden onset of severe hypertension, bradycardia, diaphoresis, flushing, and headache in response to a noxious stimulus below the level of injury. The sudden change in position from supine to sitting likely triggered autonomic dysreflexia in this patient.
Which of the following actions is a violation of a psychiatric patient's rights?
- A. Paranoid patient with delusions about his family is told that if he makes a will, it might not be valid.
- B. The nurse confiscated the cellphone from patient's room and tell him it is being locked in the vault.
- C. Staff members confiscated written letters done by patients addressed to local newspaper.
- D. Patient is paid minimum wage for helping in the hospital kitchen.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In this scenario, the action that violates a psychiatric patient's rights is option C, where staff members confiscated written letters done by patients addressed to the local newspaper. Patients have the right to communicate freely and express their thoughts and feelings through various means, such as letter-writing. Confiscating these letters is a violation of their rights to free expression and communication. It is essential to respect and uphold the rights of psychiatric patients, including their right to communicate with others.
Elmo asks the nurse to explain his condition (BPH) Which statements are CORRECT explanations by the nurse? I It blocks the urethra. II It obstructs the bladder. III. It spreads to other parts of the body. IV. It leads to urinary retention
- A. I and IV
- B. I, II and III
- C. II, III, and IV
- D. I and III
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: I. It blocks the urethra: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is a condition in which the prostate gland enlarges and can squeeze the urethra, leading to urinary symptoms such as difficulty urinating. This statement correctly explains one of the effects of BPH on the urinary system.
Signs such as using tissues to doorknobs develop because the patient is ________.
- A. unconsciously controlling unacceptable impulses or feelings
- B. Listening to voices that tell her that doorknobs are unclean
- C. consciously using this method of punishing herself
- D. fulfilling a need to punish others procedure by carrying out annoying
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Signs such as using tissues to doorknobs suggest that the patient is unconsciously controlling unacceptable impulses or feelings. This behavior falls under the category of defense mechanisms, specifically displacement, where the individual redirects their emotions from a threatening target to a safer one. In this case, the patient may be experiencing anxiety or fear related to contamination or germs, leading them to use tissues to avoid touching doorknobs directly. It is a way for the patient to manage their underlying emotions, albeit unconsciously, through this compulsive behavior.
Should the nurse encounter patients who are stressed due to their health condition, the BEST way to communicate is through which one of the following?
- A. Sympathizing
- B. Sharing
- C. Empathizing
- D. Listening
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When encountering patients who are stressed due to their health condition, the best way for a nurse to communicate is through empathizing. Empathy involves understanding and sharing the feelings of another person, which can help the nurse connect with the patient on an emotional level. Empathizing allows the nurse to show genuine care and concern for the patient's well-being, fostering a trusting and supportive relationship. This approach can help alleviate the patient's stress and make them feel understood and supported during a difficult time. Sympathizing and sharing may come across as insincere or minimize the patient's experiences, while listening is important but combining it with empathy enhances the overall communication experience.