Nokea
Which of the following are the advantages of a vaginal hysterectomy over an abdominal hysterectomy?
- A. Fewer complications
- B. Increased recovery time
- C. Radical hysterectomy can even be done laparoscopically
- D. No pain
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Vaginal hysterectomies generally have fewer complications and quicker recovery times compared to abdominal procedures.
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A client is learning how to maintain optimum bladder function. Which of the following strategies identifies the method of pressing on the bladder while seated on the toilet?
- A. Valsalva maneuver
- B. Kegel maneuver
- C. Pelvic floor maneuver
- D. Crede's maneuver
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Crede's maneuver involves applying manual pressure to the bladder to aid in voiding.
In order for milk to flow from the nipple of the mother into the mouth of the nursing infant, which of the following must occur?
- A. Myoepithelial cells must relax
- B. Prolactin levels must fall
- C. Oxytocin secretion from the posterior pituitary must take place
- D. The baby’s mouth must develop a strong negative pressure over the nipple
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because oxytocin is responsible for stimulating the contraction of myoepithelial cells around the alveoli in the mammary glands, causing milk ejection. This process is known as the let-down reflex. In contrast, choice A (myoepithelial cells must relax) is incorrect because they need to contract to push milk out. Choice B (prolactin levels must fall) is incorrect because prolactin is responsible for milk production, not milk ejection. Choice D (the baby's mouth must develop a strong negative pressure over the nipple) is incorrect because it is the mother's hormone release, not the baby's action, that causes milk flow.
The region between the vaginal orifice and anus is called:
- A. Peritoneum
- B. Cul-d
- C. sac
- D. Perineum
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Perineum. The perineum is the region between the vaginal orifice and anus. It includes the external genitalia and the area surrounding the anus. The peritoneum (A) is a membrane lining the abdominal cavity, not related to this specific region. Cul-de-sac (B) refers to a pouch-like structure in the abdominal or pelvic cavity, not the area specified in the question. Sac (C) is a general term and does not specifically denote the region between the vaginal orifice and anus. Therefore, the correct answer is D as it accurately describes the anatomical location in question.
The first polar body appears in the:
- A. primary oocyte just before ovulation
- B. primary oocyte after birth
- C. secondary oocyte after fertilization
- D. primary oocyte before birth
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the first polar body is formed during the first meiotic division of the primary oocyte before birth. The primary oocyte undergoes meiosis I to form the secondary oocyte and the first polar body. This process occurs during fetal development, not after birth.
Choice A is incorrect because the primary oocyte completes meiosis I to form the secondary oocyte and the first polar body before ovulation.
Choice B is incorrect because the primary oocyte forms the first polar body before birth, not after birth.
Choice C is incorrect because the first polar body is formed during meiosis I of the primary oocyte, not after fertilization.
Corpus luteum;
- A. is generated as a result of ovulation;
- B. secretes estrogens;
- C. secrets progesterone;
- D. secrets low amounts of testosterone
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The corpus luteum is formed from the ruptured follicle after ovulation. It secretes progesterone, which is crucial for preparing the uterus for implantation and maintaining early pregnancy. Progesterone helps thicken the uterine lining and supports embryo development. Estrogens are mainly produced by the ovaries, not the corpus luteum. Testosterone is primarily produced by the adrenal glands and testes, not the corpus luteum. Therefore, choice C is correct as it accurately describes the main hormone secreted by the corpus luteum.