Nokea
Which of the following are the characteristics of masked hypertension?
- A. High home BP more than three days in a week
- B. Normal office BP and high home BP
- C. High office BP and normal home BP
- D. Normal office BP and normal home BP
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Masked hypertension hides normal office readings (<140/90) clash with high home BP (>135/85), dodging detection, yet hiking cardiovascular risk. High home BP alone lacks context; high office with normal home is white-coat hypertension. Normal both ways is healthy; high both is overt hypertension. This sneaky pattern demands home monitoring to unmask, as office calm misses real-world spikes, pushing clinicians to dig deeper for treatment, a silent chronic threat exposed by dual settings.
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Which set of classification values indicates the most extensive and progressed cancer?
- A. T1 N0 M0
- B. T10 N0 M0
- C. T1 N1 M0
- D. T4 N3 M1
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: TNM staging gauges cancer extent: T (tumor size), N (node involvement), M (metastasis). T4 N3 M1 marks the worst T4 signals a large, invasive tumor, N3 extensive nodal spread, M1 distant metastases, painting a picture of widespread, advanced disease. T1 N0 M0 is small, localized, no spread early stage. T10 isn't standard (likely T1), still less severe. T1 N1 M0 has minor nodal involvement, not extensive. T4 N3 M1's combination screams progression, guiding nurses to expect aggressive care or palliation, a stark contrast to earlier stages' hopeful prognosis, critical for planning in advanced cancer.
The nurse assesses a patient who is receiving interleukin-2. Which finding should the nurse report immediately to the health care provider?
- A. Generalized muscle aches
- B. Crackles heard at the lung bases
- C. Complaints of nausea and anorexia
- D. Oral temperature of 100.6°F (38.1°C)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: IL-2 can spark capillary leak crackles at lung bases signal pulmonary edema, an emergency needing fast action over aches , nausea , or low fever , all common. Nurses in oncology flag this fluid in lungs kills quick, demanding stat calls.
A nurse is performing discharge teaching for a client who was recently diagnosed with heart failure. Which of the following should be included in the client and family teaching?
- A. Low sodium diet
- B. Weekly weights
- C. Symptoms to report to the provider
- D. Fluid restriction
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Heart failure management hinges on education to prevent exacerbations. A low sodium diet reduces fluid retention, easing cardiac workload crucial teaching for clients and families to grasp, as salt drives edema and hypertension, common pitfalls in heart failure. Weekly weights track fluid shifts daily is ideal, but weekly still aids while reporting symptoms like dyspnea flags worsening. Medication teaching ensures adherence, and fluid restriction may apply, but sodium's broader impact makes it foundational. Focusing on diet empowers lifestyle change, tackling a root cause over monitoring or restrictions alone, aligning with nursing's role in empowering self-care to stabilize this chronic condition long-term.
In the ACC/AHA 2017 Guideline for Hypertension, what is the cut off for hypertension diagnosis?
- A. 120/70 mmHg
- B. 130/80 mmHg
- C. 135/85 mmHg
- D. 140/90 mmHg
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: ACC/AHA 2017 130/80 tags hypertension, not old 140/90 or looser. Nurses gauge this chronic pressure shift.
People with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes often show increased fasting blood glucose levels. Question: What causes these increased fasting blood glucose levels?
- A. Disturbed glucose uptake in adipose tissue due to insulin resistance
- B. Disturbed hepatic glucose uptake due to insulin resistance
- C. Disturbed suppression of hepatic glucose production by insulin
- D. Disturbed hepatic glucose uptake due to reduced insulin levels in portal blood
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Type 2's fasting high liver pumps glucose, insulin can't hush it, resistance rules. Fat uptake's small, liver uptake's not key production's the leak nurses target this, a chronic dawn gush.