Nokea
Which of the following are the reasons a nurse discourages the consumption of alcohol for a client with mitral valve prolapse?
- A. Tachycardia
- B. Cinchonism
- C. Hypertension
- D. Cardiac stimulation
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Alcohol can stimulate the heart, exacerbating symptoms in clients with mitral valve prolapse.
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While completing a nursing admission history, you obtain this information about the patient's cardiovascular risk factors: patient's mother and two siblings have had myocardial infarctions. Patient smokes and has a 20 pack/year history of cigarette use. Her work as a mail carrier involves a lot of walking. She takes metoprolol (Lopressor) for hypertension and her blood pressure has been in the range of 130/60 to 140/85. Which interventions will be most important to include in the discharge plan? (Choose all that apply.)
- A. Refer to community programs that assist in smoking cessation.
- B. Teach about the impact of family history on cardiovascular risk.
- C. Educate about the need for a change in antihypertensive therapy.
- D. Assist in reducing the stress associated with her cardiovascular risk.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Smoking cessation is crucial given her history and risk factors.
Which assessment data collected from a client with chronic congestive heart failure would indicate precipitating causes?
- A. Subnormal body temp; Obesity; metabolic acidosis
- B. Peripheral hypotension, asthenia, high altitude
- C. Hyperthyroidism, bronchitis, overexertion
- D. Dry cough, orthopnea, bradycardia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: These factors strain the heart.
The nurse is caring for a client on amiodarone. What adverse effect is the nurse most concerned about?
- A. Pulmonary toxicity
- B. Liver toxicity
- C. Thyroid dysfunction
- D. Renal dysfunction
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pulmonary toxicity. Amiodarone is known to cause potentially life-threatening pulmonary toxicity, including interstitial pneumonitis and pulmonary fibrosis. The nurse must closely monitor the client for signs such as cough, dyspnea, and chest pain. Liver toxicity (B), thyroid dysfunction (C), and renal dysfunction (D) are also possible adverse effects of amiodarone, but pulmonary toxicity is the most concerning due to its severe and rapid progression. Monitoring and early detection are crucial to prevent serious complications.
Which term refers to the ability of the heart to initiate impulses repetitively and spontaneously?
- A. Contractility
- B. Excitability
- C. Automaticity
- D. Rhythmicity
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Automaticity. Automaticity refers to the ability of the heart to generate electrical impulses spontaneously, without external stimulation. This allows the heart to initiate its own contractions independently of external influences. Contractility (A) refers to the ability of the heart muscle to contract in response to an electrical stimulus. Excitability (B) refers to the ability of cardiac cells to respond to an electrical stimulus. Rhythmicity (D) refers to the regularity of the heart's electrical impulses. Thus, C is the correct answer as it specifically addresses the heart's ability to generate impulses spontaneously.
Which heart chamber ejects blood into the systemic arterial circulation via the aorta?
- A. Right atrium
- B. Left atrium
- C. Right ventricle
- D. Left ventricle
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Left ventricle. The left ventricle is responsible for ejecting oxygenated blood into the systemic arterial circulation via the aorta. It receives oxygen-rich blood from the left atrium and pumps it out through the aorta to the rest of the body.
Rationale:
1. The left ventricle receives blood from the left atrium, which has already been oxygenated in the lungs.
2. It is the chamber that generates the highest pressure to propel blood into the systemic circulation.
3. The aorta is the main artery that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body.
4. The right atrium and right ventricle are involved in pumping deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation, not into the systemic circulation.
5. The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs but does not directly eject blood into the systemic arterial circulation.