Nokea
Which of the following arterial blood gas (ABG) results would the nurse expect if the client's condition is left untreated?
- A. pH 7.50, PCO2 48, PaO2 70, HCO3 44, SaO2 88%
- B. pH 7.28, PCO2 53, PaO2 55, HCO3 28, SaO2 82%
- C. pH 7.36, PCO2 44, PaO2 66, HCO3 28, SaO2 84%
- D. pH 7.48, PCO2 48, PaO2 70, HCO3 24, SaO2 86%
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Untreated ARDS causes severe hypoxemia and CO2 retention, leading to respiratory acidosis. Option B (pH 7.28, PaCO2 53, PaO2 55, SaO2 82%) reflects this.
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The nurse is reviewing the arterial blood gas results of a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) reporting dyspnea. The ABG results: pH 7.18 [7.35-7.45], PaCO2 67 mmHg [35-45 mm Hg], HCO3-
- A. respiratory acidosis
- B. metabolic acidosis
- C. respiratory alkalosis
- D. metabolic alkalosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Low pH (7.18) and high PaCO2 (67 mm Hg) indicate respiratory acidosis (A), common in COPD due to CO2 retention.
The nurse in the emergency department (ED) is caring for a client with dyspnea and coughing up purulent sputum. The nurse reviews the arterial blood gas (ABG) results: pH 7.25 [7.35-7.45], PaO2 93 mmHg [80-100 mmHg], PaCO2 69 mmHg [35-45 mm Hg], HCO3 25 mmol/L [22-28 mEq/L]. The nurse should interpret these results to indicate that the client has
- A. respiratory alkalosis
- B. respiratory acidosis
- C. metabolic alkalosis
- D. metabolic acidosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The ABG shows low pH (7.25) and high PaCO2 (69 mm Hg), indicating respiratory acidosis (B) due to CO2 retention, likely from impaired ventilation due to pneumonia.
The nurse is caring for a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who is currently receiving mechanical ventilation. After reviewing the client's arterial blood gas (ABG), the nurse identifies this ABG as Laboratory: pH 7.24 [7.35-7.45], PaCO2 48 mm Hg [35-45 mm Hg], HCO3 23 mEq/L [22-28 mEq/L], PaO2 90 mm Hg [80-100 mm Hg]
- A. metabolic alkalosis
- B. metabolic acidosis
- C. respiratory alkalosis
- D. respiratory acidosis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The ABG shows low pH (7.24) and elevated PaCO2 (48 mm Hg), indicating respiratory acidosis (D) due to CO2 retention, common in COPD. HCO3 is normal, suggesting no compensation.
The nurse interprets this ABG result as Laboratory: pH 7.59 [7.35-7.45], PaCO2 30 mmHg [35-45 mm Hg], HCO3- 24 mEq/L [22-28 mEq/L], PaO2 85 mmHg [80-100 mm Hg]
- A. Metabolic acidosis
- B. Respiratory acidosis
- C. Metabolic alkalosis
- D. Respiratory alkalosis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: High pH (7.59) and low PaCO2 (30 mm Hg) with normal HCO3- indicate uncompensated respiratory alkalosis (D).
What arterial blood gas (ABG) values suggest this? pH 7.30 [pH 7.35-7.45], CO2 38 [PCO2 35-45 mm Hg], HCO3 18 mEq/L [HCO3 22-28 mEq/L]; pH 7.48 [pH 7.35-7.45], CO2 31 [PCO2 35-45 mm Hg], HCO3 24 [HCO3 22-28 mEq/L]; pH 7.42 [pH 7.35-7.45], CO2 36 [PCO2 35-45 mm Hg], HCO3 24 [HCO3 22-28 mEq/L]; pH 7.30 [pH 7.35-7.45], CO2 52 [PCO2 35-45 mm Hg], HCO3 29 [HCO3 22-28 mEq/L]
- A. pH 7.30, CO2 38, HCO3 18 mEq/L
- B. pH 7.48, CO2 31, HCO3 24
- C. pH 7.42, CO2 36, HCO3 24
- D. pH 7.30, CO2 52, HCO3 29
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Respiratory acidosis is characterized by low pH and high PaCO2. Option D (pH 7.30, PaCO2 52, HCO3 29) shows respiratory acidosis with partial compensation.