Nokea
Which of the following bacteria IS NOT associated with skin infections?
- A. Staphylococcus aureus
- B. Clostridium perfringens
- C. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- D. Clostridium difficile
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Correct Answer: D (Clostridium difficile)
Rationale:
1. Clostridium difficile is primarily associated with gastrointestinal infections, particularly antibiotic-associated colitis.
2. Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium perfringens, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are commonly associated with skin infections.
3. Staphylococcus aureus can cause impetigo, boils, and cellulitis.
4. Clostridium perfringens can cause gas gangrene.
5. Pseudomonas aeruginosa can cause hot tub folliculitis and swimmer's ear.
You may also like to solve these questions
During a microbiology session, students observed flagellated protozoa with an undulating membrane in vaginal discharge samples. What is the causative agent?
- A. Trichomonas vaginalis
- B. Giardia lamblia
- C. Trypanosoma brucei
- D. Leishmania donovani
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Trichomonas vaginalis. Trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellated protozoa that causes the sexually transmitted infection trichomoniasis. The presence of an undulating membrane in vaginal discharge samples is characteristic of Trichomonas vaginalis. Giardia lamblia causes gastrointestinal illness, not vaginal infections. Trypanosoma brucei causes African sleeping sickness transmitted by tsetse flies. Leishmania donovani causes visceral leishmaniasis transmitted by sandflies.
Viruses can infect
- A. plants.
- B. bacteria.
- C. animals.
- D. all organisms.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because viruses have the ability to infect all organisms, including plants, bacteria, animals, and even fungi. Viruses are non-living entities that require a host cell to replicate and spread. They can infect a wide range of organisms by attaching to specific receptors on the host cell's surface. Therefore, the correct answer is D as viruses have the capability to infect all living organisms. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because viruses can infect not only plants, bacteria, and animals but also other organisms, making choice D the most comprehensive and accurate option.
A patient with diarrhea had stool microscopy revealing flagellated protozoa with two nuclei. What is the most likely causative agent?
- A. Giardia lamblia
- B. Entamoeba histolytica
- C. Trichomonas vaginalis
- D. Balantidium coli
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Giardia lamblia. Giardia lamblia is a flagellated protozoan with two nuclei, known as the "falling leaf" appearance. It causes diarrhea in humans through ingestion of contaminated water or food. Entamoeba histolytica causes amoebic dysentery, characterized by bloody diarrhea and colitis. Trichomonas vaginalis is a sexually transmitted protozoan causing vaginal discharge but is not found in stool. Balantidium coli is a ciliated protozoan causing diarrhea but does not have flagellated forms.
Which one belongs to genus Orthopoxvirus?
- A. Vaccinia virus
- B. Smallpox virus
- C. Cowpox virus
- D. All of these
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because all three viruses, Vaccinia virus, Smallpox virus, and Cowpox virus, belong to the genus Orthopoxvirus. They share similar characteristics and genetic makeup. Vaccinia virus is used as a vaccine against smallpox, Smallpox virus causes smallpox disease, and Cowpox virus can infect both animals and humans. Choice A, B, and C are incorrect because each of these viruses is a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus.
A patient's preliminary diagnosis is toxoplasmosis. What material was used for diagnostics of this disease?
- A. Blood
- B. Feces
- C. Urine
- D. Duodenal contents
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Blood. Toxoplasmosis is diagnosed through serological tests that detect specific antibodies in the blood. These antibodies indicate exposure to the Toxoplasma gondii parasite. Feces, urine, and duodenal contents are not typically used for diagnosing toxoplasmosis as the parasite is not commonly found in these samples. Blood is the primary material used as it provides the necessary antibodies for accurate diagnosis.