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Which of the following behaviors is characteristic of anorexia nervosa?
- A. Binge eating followed by purging.
- B. Self-induced vomiting after meals.
- C. Restricting food intake and an intense fear of gaining weight.
- D. Eating large quantities of food and then exercising excessively.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because anorexia nervosa is characterized by restricting food intake and having an intense fear of gaining weight. This behavior leads to severe weight loss and malnutrition. Choice A is typically associated with bulimia nervosa, where binge eating is followed by purging. Choice B also aligns with bulimia, as self-induced vomiting is a common purging behavior. Choice D describes behaviors more typical of binge eating disorder, where individuals consume large quantities of food followed by excessive exercise. In anorexia nervosa, the primary focus is on severe food restriction and the fear of weight gain, leading to significantly low body weight.
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A rape victim tells the emergency room nurse, 'I feel so dirty. Help me take a shower before anything else.' The nurse should:
- A. Arrange for the patient to shower.
- B. Explain that bathing would destroy evidence.
- C. Suggest the patient wait until after the examination.
- D. None of the above.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Explain that bathing would destroy evidence. This is the best choice because preserving evidence is crucial in cases of sexual assault. Bathing could wash away vital evidence needed for investigation and prosecution. It is important to prioritize the victim's physical and emotional well-being, but preserving evidence for forensic examination takes precedence. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because arranging for the patient to shower, suggesting waiting, or choosing none of the above would risk compromising the evidence needed for justice.
The physician prescribes haloperidol (Haldol), a first-generation antipsychotic drug, for a patient with schizophrenia who displays delusions, hallucinations, apathy, and social isolation. Which symptoms should most be monitored to evaluate the expected improvement from this medication?
- A. Talking to himself, belief that others will harm him
- B. Flat affect, avoidance of social activities, poor hygiene
- C. Loss of interest in recreational activities, alogia
- D. Impaired eye contact, needs help to complete tasks
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the symptoms of delusions and hallucinations are key indicators of improvement in schizophrenia with antipsychotic treatment. These symptoms directly relate to the patient's perception of reality and are core features of the disorder. Monitoring these symptoms provides objective evidence of the medication's effectiveness in addressing the patient's psychotic symptoms.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they mainly indicate negative symptoms of schizophrenia, such as flat affect, social withdrawal, and cognitive deficits. While monitoring these symptoms is important for assessing overall functioning and quality of life, they are not the primary target of improvement with antipsychotic medications. Symptoms like delusions and hallucinations are considered primary targets for evaluating the efficacy of antipsychotic treatment in schizophrenia.
Appropriate teaching for a patient with bulimia nervosa who binges and purges is:
- A. Not to skip meals or restrict food.
- B. To eat a small meal after purging.
- C. To eat a large breakfast but no lunch.
- D. None of the above.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. A: Not skipping meals or restricting food promotes regular eating patterns, helps stabilize blood sugar levels, and reduces the urge to binge.
2. B: Eating a small meal after purging could reinforce the binge-purge cycle and is not a healthy approach.
3. C: Eating a large breakfast but skipping lunch can lead to imbalanced eating habits and is not recommended for treating bulimia nervosa.
4. D: None of the above options provide a comprehensive and effective approach to managing bulimia nervosa symptoms.
A history reveals that a patient virtually stopped eating 5 months ago and lost 25% of body weight. The nurse says, "Describe what you think about your present weight and how you look."Â Which response would be most consistent with anorexia nervosa?
- A. "I'm fat and ugly."Â
- B. "What I think about myself is my business."Â
- C. "I'm grossly underweight, but I cover it well."Â
- D. "I'm a few pounds overweight, but I can live with it."Â
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the response indicates a distorted body image, a common characteristic of anorexia nervosa. Anorexia nervosa is characterized by an intense fear of gaining weight and a distorted perception of body image, leading individuals to see themselves as overweight despite being underweight. In this case, the patient's response of "I'm fat and ugly" demonstrates a negative perception of their weight and appearance, which aligns with the distorted body image seen in anorexia nervosa.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect:
B: "What I think about myself is my business" - This response does not indicate a distorted body image or negative perception of weight and appearance, which are key features of anorexia nervosa.
C: "I'm grossly underweight, but I cover it well" - While this response acknowledges being underweight, it does not reflect the distorted body image commonly seen in anorexia nervosa.
D: "I'm a
A catatonic patient admitted in a stuporous condition begins to demonstrate increased motor activity. During his assessment, the psychiatrist raises the patient's arm above his head and releases it. The patient maintains the position his arm was placed in, immobile in that position for 15 minutes, moving only when the nurse gently lowers his arm. What symptom is demonstrated by this assessment technique?
- A. Echopraxia
- B. Waxy flexibility
- C. Depersonalization
- D. Thought withdrawal
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Waxy flexibility. This symptom is demonstrated by the patient's ability to maintain the position his arm was placed in, immobile, for an extended period of time. This is characteristic of catatonia, where individuals exhibit increased motor activity and abnormal posturing. Waxy flexibility refers to the tendency of catatonic patients to maintain positions that they are placed in by others, almost as if their limbs are made of wax and can be molded into different positions.
Explanation for other choices:
A: Echopraxia involves mimicking the movements of others, which is not demonstrated in this scenario.
C: Depersonalization refers to feeling detached from oneself, which is not evident in the patient's behavior during the assessment.
D: Thought withdrawal is a symptom of schizophrenia where thoughts are believed to be removed from one's mind by an external force, which is not relevant to the patient's motor behavior in this case.