Population Specific Care

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Which of the following behaviors is characteristic of anorexia nervosa?

  • A. Binge eating followed by purging.
  • B. Self-induced vomiting after meals.
  • C. Restricting food intake and an intense fear of gaining weight.
  • D. Eating large quantities of food and then exercising excessively.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because anorexia nervosa is characterized by restricting food intake and having an intense fear of gaining weight. This behavior leads to severe weight loss and malnutrition. Choice A is typically associated with bulimia nervosa, where binge eating is followed by purging. Choice B also aligns with bulimia, as self-induced vomiting is a common purging behavior. Choice D describes behaviors more typical of binge eating disorder, where individuals consume large quantities of food followed by excessive exercise. In anorexia nervosa, the primary focus is on severe food restriction and the fear of weight gain, leading to significantly low body weight.

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A 32-year-old client with an admitting diagnosis of catatonic schizophrenia has been mute and motionless for 2 days. The priority nursing diagnosis is:

  • A. Risk for deficient fluid volume
  • B. Impaired physical mobility
  • C. Impaired social interaction
  • D. Ineffective coping
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Risk for deficient fluid volume. The priority nursing diagnosis in this case is to address the client's physical needs to ensure their safety and well-being. The client's mutism and immobility put them at risk for dehydration and malnutrition. By prioritizing the risk for deficient fluid volume, the nurse can address the immediate physiological needs of the client.

Choice B: Impaired physical mobility is incorrect because while the client is motionless, the immediate concern is addressing the risk of dehydration.

Choice C: Impaired social interaction is incorrect as addressing social interaction is not the priority when the client's physical needs are not being met.

Choice D: Ineffective coping is incorrect because the client's presentation is indicative of a more urgent physical need for hydration and nutrition.

Irrational and very specific fears that persist even when there is no real danger to a person are called

  • A. anxieties
  • B. dissociation's
  • C. phobias
  • D. obsessions
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Phobias are specific, irrational fears persisting despite no real threat, distinct from general anxiety.

The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA) provides standards of care for which of the following:

  • A. Very young
  • B. Older adults
  • C. Those who have certain intellectual communication difficulties
  • D. Those without medical insurance
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: OBRA provides regulations for proper assessment of the elderly (B); for this reason, registered nurses have to provide the initial physical assessment.

An adult diagnosed with a serious mental illness says, I do not need help with money management. I have excellent ideas about investments. This patient usually does not have money to buy groceries by the middle of the month. The nurse assesses the patient as demonstrating:

  • A. rationalization.
  • B. identification.
  • C. anosognosia.
  • D. projection.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The patient shows anosognosia (C), an inability to recognize deficits due to illness, believing in their financial acumen despite evidence. This isn't rationalization (A), identification (B), or projection (D).

A 5-year-old presents with a history of urgency of micturition, occasional enuresis, and a slight, non-offensive vaginal discharge for 3 months. She has had no vaginal bleeding. Examination reveals some reddening of the labia majora. Which one of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

  • A. Trichomonal infection.
  • B. Gonorrhoea.
  • C. Cystitis.
  • D. Non-specific vulvo-vaginitis.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Non-specific vulvo-vaginitis (E) is common in young girls due to hygiene or irritation, causing these symptoms. Trichomonas (A) and gonorrhoea (B) are rare without sexual history, cystitis (C) lacks vaginal signs, and foreign body (D) typically causes bleeding or foul discharge.

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