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Which of the following best describes decertification?
- A. Encourage union affiliation
- B. Change union affiliation
- C. Reward union affiliation
- D. Empower union affiliation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Change union affiliation. Decertification refers to the process of employees voting to remove a union as their bargaining representative. This means changing or ending their current union affiliation.
A: Encouraging union affiliation is not related to decertification, as it involves promoting rather than changing union membership.
C: Rewarding union affiliation is not accurate for decertification, as it does not involve rewarding but rather changing the affiliation.
D: Empowering union affiliation is not the correct choice, as decertification does not enhance but rather changes or removes union representation.
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What is the primary focus of case management in nursing?
- A. Direct patient care
- B. Resource management
- C. Financial planning
- D. Quality assurance
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Direct patient care. Case management in nursing focuses primarily on coordinating care, advocating for patients, and ensuring their needs are met. This involves direct patient interaction, collaborating with healthcare providers, and addressing the patient's physical, emotional, and social well-being. Resource management (B) involves allocating resources efficiently, financial planning (C) focuses on budgeting and financial aspects, and quality assurance (D) pertains to monitoring and improving healthcare standards. These options are important in healthcare but are not the primary focus of case management in nursing.
The changes brought forth by the state boards of nursing are an example of which type of change agent?
- A. Resistance
- B. Empirical-rational
- C. Normative-reeducative
- D. Power-coercive
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Power-coercive. State boards of nursing have the authority to enforce regulations and standards through legal power, making them a power-coercive change agent. They can mandate compliance and impose consequences for non-compliance, utilizing their regulatory power to drive change.
A: Resistance is incorrect as state boards of nursing do not resist change but rather implement and enforce it.
B: Empirical-rational is incorrect as this approach involves presenting data and information to persuade individuals to change, which may not align with the state boards' regulatory enforcement.
C: Normative-reeducative is incorrect as it focuses on changing beliefs and values through education and social influence, which is not the primary method used by state boards of nursing for implementing change.
A nurse is admitting a client who has an abdominal wound with a large amount of purulent drainage. Which of the following types of transmission precautions should the nurse initiate?
- A. Droplet precautions
- B. Protective environment
- C. Airborne precautions
- D. Contact precautions
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Contact precautions. This is because purulent drainage indicates the presence of infectious material that can easily be transmitted through direct contact. By implementing contact precautions, the nurse can prevent the spread of infection to themselves and others. Droplet precautions (A) are used for pathogens spread through respiratory droplets, protective environment (B) is used for immunocompromised patients, and airborne precautions (C) are used for pathogens that remain suspended in the air. These precautions are not relevant to the situation described with purulent drainage.
Which of the following is a trait that was found to be common among leaders in trait theory?
- A. Communication of duties assigned
- B. Adaptability and changing priorities
- C. Order giving and decision making for a group
- D. Communication of goal direction
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Communication of goal direction. Trait theory suggests that effective leaders possess certain inherent traits, such as the ability to communicate clear goals and direction to their team. This trait is crucial as it helps align team members towards a common purpose, motivating and guiding them towards success. Option A, communication of duties assigned, is focused on tasks rather than overall goals. Option B, adaptability, and changing priorities are more related to situational leadership than inherent traits. Option C, order giving and decision making, is specific actions rather than a trait. Therefore, D is the most suitable trait among the choices provided.
What is the main purpose of a clinical audit?
- A. To measure patient satisfaction
- B. To evaluate the effectiveness of clinical practices
- C. To identify areas for improvement
- D. To standardize patient care protocols
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The main purpose of a clinical audit is to identify areas for improvement. This involves reviewing current practices, identifying gaps or inefficiencies, and implementing changes to enhance the quality of patient care. Patient satisfaction (A) is important but not the primary goal of a clinical audit. Evaluating the effectiveness of clinical practices (B) may be a part of the audit process, but not the main purpose. Standardizing patient care protocols (D) is beneficial but is not the primary aim of a clinical audit, which focuses on continuous quality improvement.