Nokea
Which of the following best describes the function of synergists?
- A. They assist primary movers in completing specific movements
- B. They stabilize the point of origin and provide extra pull near the insertion
- C. They help prevent unwanted movement at a joint
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Synergists play multiple roles in muscle function. They assist primary movers in completing specific movements by working together with them. Additionally, synergists help stabilize the point of origin and provide extra pull near the insertion, contributing to the efficiency of movement. Furthermore, they also help prevent unwanted movement at a joint by ensuring that the intended motion is executed smoothly. Therefore, all the statements in the answer choices accurately describe the functions of synergists, making 'All of the above' the most comprehensive and precise description of their role.
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Which of the following are the reproductive cells produced by meiosis?
- A. Genes
- B. Alleles
- C. Chromatids
- D. Gametes
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Gametes are the reproductive cells produced by meiosis. Meiosis is the cell division process that results in the formation of gametes, which are sperm cells in males and egg cells in females. Genes (A), alleles (B), and chromatids (C) are not the reproductive cells produced by meiosis. Genes are units of heredity, alleles are different forms of a gene, and chromatids are duplicated chromosomes involved in cell division.
What is the function of the sinuses?
- A. To trap many airborne pathogens
- B. To direct air down the trachea rather than the esophagus
- C. To warm, humidify, and filter air
- D. To sweep away pathogens and direct them toward the top of the trachea
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct function of the sinuses is to warm, humidify, and filter the air we breathe. Sinuses play a crucial role in preparing the air for the respiratory system by adding moisture, warmth, and filtering out particles. Choice A is incorrect because while sinuses can help filter some particles, their primary function is not to trap pathogens. Choice B is incorrect as the sinuses do not control the direction of air down the trachea; this is regulated by the epiglottis and vocal cords. Choice D is incorrect as sinuses do not sweep pathogens away or direct them towards the trachea; instead, they condition the air for respiration.
Which type of chemical reaction produces a salt?
- A. An oxidation reaction
- B. A neutralization reaction
- C. A synthesis reaction
- D. A decomposition reaction
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, a neutralization reaction. In a neutralization reaction, an acid and a base react to produce a salt and water. This process involves the combination of H+ ions from the acid and OH- ions from the base to form water, while the remaining ions combine to form a salt. Therefore, a neutralization reaction is the specific type of chemical reaction that produces a salt. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. An oxidation reaction involves the loss of electrons, a synthesis reaction involves the formation of a compound from simpler substances, and a decomposition reaction involves the breakdown of a compound into simpler substances. None of these reactions directly lead to the production of a salt, making them incorrect choices in this context.
Which types of molecules can move through a cell membrane by passive transport?
- A. Complex sugars
- B. Non-lipid soluble molecules
- C. Oxygen
- D. Molecules moving from areas of low concentration to areas of high concentration
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Oxygen. Small, non-polar molecules like oxygen can easily pass through the cell membrane by passive transport as they move down their concentration gradient without the need for energy input. Complex sugars (choice A) are typically too large to pass through the membrane by passive transport. Non-lipid soluble molecules (choice B) may require active transport mechanisms. Choice D describes active transport, where molecules move against their concentration gradient, requiring energy input.
What do nociceptors detect?
- A. Deep pressure
- B. Vibration
- C. Pain
- D. Temperature
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Nociceptors are specialized sensory receptors that detect and transmit signals related to pain. These receptors are activated by noxious stimuli that can potentially cause tissue damage or injury, triggering the perception of pain in the brain. Therefore, the correct answer is 'Pain.' Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because nociceptors specifically respond to painful stimuli, not deep pressure, vibration, or temperature.