Nokea
Which of the following best describes the purpose of a functional assessment?
- A. It assesses how the individual is coping with life at home.
- B. It determines how children are meeting developmental milestones.
- C. It can identify any memory problems an individual may be experiencing.
- D. In the case of the older adult, it helps determine how that person is managing day-to-day activities.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because a functional assessment specifically evaluates an older adult's ability to manage day-to-day activities, such as personal care, meal preparation, and mobility. This assessment helps identify any difficulties the individual may have in performing these essential tasks, which can then inform appropriate interventions or support services. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not align with the primary focus of a functional assessment, which is to evaluate an individual's functional abilities and independence in daily living tasks, particularly in the context of aging or disability.
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Which condition is associated with inadequate intake of vitamin C?
- A. Rickets
- B. Marasmus
- C. Kwashiorkor
- D. Scurvy
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Scurvy. Scurvy is caused by a deficiency in vitamin C, which is essential for collagen synthesis. Without enough vitamin C, collagen production is impaired, leading to symptoms like bleeding gums, fatigue, and joint pain.
Incorrect Choices:
A: Rickets is caused by a deficiency in vitamin D, not vitamin C.
B: Marasmus is a severe form of malnutrition due to inadequate intake of calories and protein, not specifically vitamin C.
C: Kwashiorkor is a form of severe acute malnutrition typically caused by inadequate protein intake, not vitamin C deficiency.
In summary, the correct answer is D (Scurvy) because it directly relates to inadequate intake of vitamin C, while the other choices are associated with different nutrient deficiencies.
Which of the following statements is true regarding respect for differences?
- A. All patients will behave in the same way when asked questions by a health care provider.
- B. Conveying respect for differences will build trust and welcome patients to share their understandings.
- C. Having cultural expectations is the key to understanding individual differences.
- D. Expressing one's culture is largely dependent on the amount of his or her exposure to Canadian values.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because conveying respect for differences helps build trust and encourages patients to share their perspectives openly. This fosters a positive patient-provider relationship and enhances communication. Choice A is incorrect as patients have unique behaviors. Choice C is incorrect as cultural expectations do not fully explain individual differences. Choice D is incorrect as expressing one's culture is not solely dependent on exposure to Canadian values.
A nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving chemotherapy. The nurse should monitor for signs of which of the following complications?
- A. Anemia.
- B. Hyperkalemia.
- C. Neutropenia.
- D. Hypocalcemia.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Neutropenia. Chemotherapy can suppress bone marrow function, leading to a decrease in neutrophils (a type of white blood cell), causing neutropenia. This increases the risk of infection. Monitoring for signs of infection is crucial in patients receiving chemotherapy to prevent serious complications. Anemia (A) is a common side effect of chemotherapy but is not directly related to infection risk. Hyperkalemia (B) and hypocalcemia (D) are less likely to be immediate complications of chemotherapy compared to neutropenia.
A nurse is teaching a patient with asthma about managing asthma attacks. Which of the following statements by the patient indicates proper understanding?
- A. I should use my inhaler when I feel an asthma attack coming on.
- B. I should wait until my symptoms worsen before using my inhaler.
- C. I should use my inhaler only when I am feeling short of breath.
- D. I can skip using my inhaler if I feel fine.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Using the inhaler when feeling an asthma attack coming on allows for prompt relief by opening airways. Waiting for symptoms to worsen (B) can lead to a severe attack. Using the inhaler only when short of breath (C) may delay treatment. Skipping the inhaler when feeling fine (D) can be dangerous if an attack occurs suddenly. Answer A ensures timely intervention for effective asthma management.
A woman comes to the clinic complaining of severe itching on her lower legs. Upon examination, the nurse notices red, scaly patches on the skin. The nurse suspects that this is:
- A. Psoriasis.
- B. Eczema.
- C. Contact dermatitis.
- D. A fungal infection.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Psoriasis. Psoriasis is characterized by red, scaly patches on the skin, which align with the symptoms described. Psoriasis commonly affects the lower legs and is associated with severe itching. Eczema (choice B) is characterized by red, inflamed, and itchy skin patches, but typically presents differently from psoriasis. Contact dermatitis (choice C) is a localized reaction that occurs when the skin comes into contact with an irritant or allergen, and fungal infections (choice D) typically present with itching, redness, and sometimes peeling skin, but not necessarily scaly patches like psoriasis.