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Which of the following beta-blockers also has additional alpha-blocking activity?
- A. Nadolol
- B. Pindolol
- C. Labetalol
- D. Esmolol
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Labetalol has both beta and alpha-1 blocking activity, making it unique among beta-blockers.
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Which of the following is a contraindication of glucocorticoid use?
- A. Psychosis
- B. Allergic dermatitis
- C. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
- D. Angioneurotic edema
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Glucocorticoids can exacerbate psychosis, making it a contraindication, unlike the other conditions which they can treat.
Patients prescribed aspirin therapy require education regarding the signs of aspirin toxicity. An early sign of aspirin toxicity is:
- A. Black tarry stools
- B. Vomiting
- C. Tremors
- D. Tinnitus
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Tinnitus is an early aspirin toxicity sign; black stools or vomiting are later.
How can the nurse find the most up-to-date information about emergency preparedness related to bioterrorism agents?
- A. Read textbooks devoted to the topic.
- B. Ask coworkers to explain current events.
- C. Read journal articles about bioterrorism agents.
- D. Visit the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Web site.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The most current information will be found on the CDC Web site because new information can be posted immediately whereas textbooks and journal articles take time to print. Coworkers may or may not remain current on emergency preparedness and should not be the primary source of information.
A patient requires 1,000 mL of IV fluid to be infused over 10 hours with a drop factor of 20 gtt/mL. What is the flow rate in drops per minute?
- A. 33 gtt/min
- B. 50 gtt/min
- C. 67 gtt/min
- D. 100 gtt/min
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Flow rate = (Volume Drop factor) ÷ Time in minutes = (1,000 mL 20 gtt/mL) ÷ (10 60) = 20,000 ÷ 600 = 33.33 gtt/min, rounded to 33 gtt/min.
A 57-year-old man was recently diagnosed with Type-2 diabetes mellitus and placed on a medication. He began having myalgias and feeling sick and later developed respiratory distress, so he went to the hospital. His pH was 7.2, and he had elevated blood lactate levels. Which drug is likely causing his problem?
- A. Acarbose
- B. Glyburide
- C. Metformin
- D. Pioglitazone
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Metformin is associated with lactic acidosis, presenting with low pH and high lactate, especially in overdose or renal impairment.