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Which of the following blood pressure parameters indicates PIH? Elevation over a baseline of:
- A. 30 mmHg systolic and/or 15 mmHg diastolic.
- B. 40 mmHg systolic and/or 20 mmHg diastolic.
- C. 10 mmHg systolic and/or 5 mmHg diastolic.
- D. 20 mmHg systolic and/or 20 mmHg diastolic.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: These are the accepted parameters for mild PIH. Mild preclampsia includes an increase in systolic blood pressure higher than 30 mmHg or an increase in diastolic blood pressure higher than 15 mmHg, noted on two readings taken 6 hours apart (or 140/90).
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In performing a psychosocial assessment, the nurse begins by asking questions that encourage the client to describe problematic behaviors and situations. The next step is to elicit the client's:
- A. feelings about what has been described
- B. thoughts about what has been described
- C. possible solutions to the problem
- D. intent in sharing the description
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Eliciting the client's thoughts after describing issues provides insight into their perspective and interpretation, guiding further assessment. Feelings and solutions come later.
Which of the following diseases places a client at risk for developing cirrhosis?
- A. type I diabetes
- B. alcoholism
- C. leukemia
- D. glaucoma
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Alcoholism places a client at risk for developing cirrhosis. None of the other choices are related to cirrhosis.
When discussing the patterns of use of alcohol and other drugs, the nurse should include which piece of information?
- A. Lifetime prevalence and intensity of alcohol use is greater in women than men
- B. Hispanics and African Americans have higher levels of alcohol use than Caucasians
- C. Overuse of alcohol and other drugs increases into the mid-20s, then levels off and decreases with age
- D. Heavy use is more common in higher socioeconomic groups because they can afford to buy the drugs
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Alcohol and drug use peaks in the mid-20s and decreases with age. Men have higher prevalence, Caucasians report more alcohol use, and heavy use is more common among less educated or unemployed groups.
An elderly client denies that abuse is occurring. Which of the following factors could be a barrier for the client to admit being a victim?
- A. knowledge that elder abuse is rare
- B. personal belief that abuse is deserved
- C. lack of developmentally appropriate screening tools
- D. fear of reprisal or further violence if the incident is reported
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Barriers to reporting elder abuse include victim shame, fear of reprisals, fear of loss of caregiver, and lack of knowledge of agencies that provide services. Many elders fear that reporting abuse results in their placement in long-term care because the current caregiver is the abuser.
A client has been taking alprazolam (Xanax) for four years to manage anxiety. The client reports taking 0.5 mg four times a day. Which statement indicates that the client understands the nurse's teaching about discontinuing the medication?
- A. I can drink alcohol now that I am decreasing my Xanax.
- B. I should not take another Xanax pill. Here is what is left of my last prescription.
- C. I should take three pills per day next week, then two pills for one week, then one pill for one week.
- D. I should expect to be sleepy for several days after stopping the medicine.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Xanax, like other benzodiazepines, can cause withdrawal symptoms that include agitation, insomnia, hypertension, seizures, and abdominal pain. The drug must be slowly decreased to prevent withdrawal symptoms.