Nokea
Which of the following blood pressure parameters indicates PIH? Elevation over a baseline of:
- A. 30 mmHg systolic and/or 15 mmHg diastolic.
- B. 40 mmHg systolic and/or 20 mmHg diastolic.
- C. 10 mmHg systolic and/or 5 mmHg diastolic.
- D. 20 mmHg systolic and/or 20 mmHg diastolic.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: These are the accepted parameters for mild PIH. Mild preclampsia includes an increase in systolic blood pressure higher than 30 mmHg or an increase in diastolic blood pressure higher than 15 mmHg, noted on two readings taken 6 hours apart (or 140/90).
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A client tells the nurse that his wife's nagging really gets on his nerves. He asks the nurse to talk with her about her nagging during their family session tomorrow afternoon. Which of the following responses is the most therapeutic for the client?
- A. Tell me more specifically about her complaints.
- B. Can you think why she might nag you so much?
- C. I'll help you think about how to bring this up yourself tomorrow afternoon.
- D. Why do you want me to initiate this in tomorrow's session rather than you?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The client needs to learn how to communicate directly with his wife about her behavior. The nurse's assistance enables him to practice a new skill and communicates confidence in his ability to confront this situation. Choices 1 and 2 inappropriately direct attention away from the client and toward his wife, who isn't present. Choice 4 implies that there might be a legitimate reason for the nurse to assume responsibility for something that rightfully belongs to the client. Instead of focusing on his problems, he'll waste precious time convincing the nurse that he or she should do his work.
Which of the following statements should the nurse use to best describe a very low-calorie diet (VLCD) to a client?
- A. This diet can be used when there is close medical supervision.'
- B. This is a long-term treatment measure that assists obese people who can't lose weight.'
- C. The VLCD consists of solid food items that are pureed to facilitate digestion and absorption.'
- D. A VLCD contains very little protein.'
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: VLCDs are used in the clinical treatment of obesity under close medical supervision. The diet is low in calories, high in quality protein, and has a minimum of carbohydrates to spare protein and prevent ketosis.
A nurse is teaching a group of clients with a diagnosis of Schizophrenia who are nearing discharge from a residential care facility. An essential topic to include is:
- A. pathophysiology of the disease and expected symptoms.
- B. how to recognize and manage symptoms of relapse.
- C. the need to take extra medication when feeling stressed.
- D. the importance of contact with follow-up care daily.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Clients are usually aware of the symptoms that indicate relapse is occurring. The client needs to know how to find a safe environment and to seek help. The first two stages of relapse are more difficult to recognize because they do not present symptoms that indicate psychosis. Initially, the client feels anxious and overwhelmed, and might become withdrawn. This is the crucial period to intervene. The client needs to go to a safe environment with someone who is trusted, avoid negative people, and decrease stimuli and stress.
The best definition of communication is:
- A. the sending and receiving of messages.
- B. the effect of sending verbal messages.
- C. an ongoing, interactive form of transmitting transactions.
- D. the use of message variables to send information.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Communication is a personal, interactive system—a series of ever-changing, ongoing transactions in the environment.
The nurse suspects an elderly client has been the victim of abuse. The client denies abuse and declines assistance. The nurse's next action should be to:
- A. do nothing; the client has the right to refuse treatment.
- B. report the incident to the police.
- C. arrange an appointment with the client's next of kin.
- D. educate the client about available services.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Although clients do have the right to refuse treatment, the nurse should remain nonjudgmental and inform the client of available services. Frequently elders are not aware of existing programs.