Nokea
Which of the following blood types would the nurse identify as the rarest?
- A. A
- B. AB
- C. B
- D. O
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Blood type AB is the rarest of all the blood types. This is because individuals with AB blood type have both A and B antigens on their red blood cells, making it less common than other blood types. In the ABO blood group system, the distribution of blood types in the general population is approximately 45% type O, 40% type A, 11% type B, and only about 4% type AB. Therefore, blood type AB would be identified as the rarest in the given options.
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Poor prognostic factors in Hodgkin lymphoma include all the following EXCEPT
- A. age of more than 15 year at the time of diagnosis
- B. stage IV disease
- C. manifested by positron emission tomography (PET) scan positivity
- D. poor response to therapy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Older age is generally considered a poor prognostic factor, but not necessarily worse than other listed options.
The nurse is teaching parents about signs of digoxin (Lanoxin) toxicity. Which is a common sign of digoxin toxicity?
- A. Seizures
- B. Vomiting
- C. Bradypnea
- D. Tachycardia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Tachycardia, which is an abnormally fast heart rate, is a common sign of digoxin toxicity. Digoxin has a narrow therapeutic index, meaning there is a narrow range between a therapeutic dose and a toxic dose. Symptoms of digoxin toxicity can manifest in the cardiovascular system, such as tachycardia, as well as in other systems of the body. Tachycardia is often seen in cases of digoxin toxicity due to its effects on the heart's electrical conduction system. Other common signs of digoxin toxicity include nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, confusion, and arrhythmias. It is crucial for healthcare providers to monitor patients receiving digoxin closely and educate them about the signs and symptoms of toxicity to prevent adverse outcomes.
On a visit to the gynecologist, a client complains of urinary frequency, pelvic discomfort, and weight loss. After a complete physical examination, blood studies, and a pelvic examination with a Papanicolaou test, the physician diagnoses stage IV ovarian cancer. The nurse expects to prepare the client for which initial treatment?
- A. Radiation therapy
- B. Chemotherapy
- C. Major surgery
- D. None
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In the case of stage IV ovarian cancer, initial treatment typically involves major surgery, known as cytoreductive surgery or debulking surgery. The goal of this surgery is to remove as much of the tumor burden as possible from the abdomen and pelvis. By reducing the size of the tumor, the effectiveness of subsequent treatments such as chemotherapy can be enhanced. Surgery may also involve the removal of the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, and surrounding tissue. Radiation therapy or chemotherapy may be used after surgery to further target any remaining cancer cells. However, major surgery is often the first step in the management of advanced ovarian cancer.
Sexual abuse should be considered in children who have behavioral problems, although no behavior is pathognomonic. Which of the following behavior should raise the suspicion of sexual abuse?
- A. aggressive
- B. obsessive-compulsive
- C. dissociative
- D. hypersexuality
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hypersexuality in children is highly unusual and strongly indicative of possible sexual abuse, as it reflects exposure to inappropriate sexual content or experiences.
A 19 y.o. student develops trigeminal neuralgia. Which of the ff. actions will most likely aggravate her pain?
- A. Sleeping
- B. Reading
- C. Eating
- D. Cooking
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Trigeminal neuralgia is a condition characterized by sudden and severe facial pain caused by irritation or damage to the trigeminal nerve. Trigeminal neuralgia pain is often triggered by certain activities that stimulate the nerve, such as eating, talking, or brushing teeth. The act of chewing and ingesting food can put pressure on the trigeminal nerve, leading to increased pain for individuals suffering from trigeminal neuralgia. Therefore, eating is most likely to aggravate the pain in a 19-year-old student with trigeminal neuralgia.