Nokea
Which of the following can effect drug absorption into the body?
- A. Dosage Form
- B. Site Surface area
- C. Blood flow to site of absorption
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, "All of the above." Dosage form affects drug absorption by influencing the rate and extent of dissolution. Site surface area affects drug absorption as a larger surface area allows for more contact with the drug. Blood flow to the site of absorption impacts drug absorption by affecting the rate of delivery of the drug to systemic circulation. Therefore, all three factors (dosage form, site surface area, and blood flow) play crucial roles in drug absorption into the body.
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The nurse discovers that a patient has recently decided to take four herbal preparations. Which action will the nurse take first?
- A. Discuss the cost of herbal products.
- B. Instruct the patient to inform the health care provider of all products taken.
- C. Instruct the patient to stop taking all herbal products immediately.
- D. Suggest that the patient taper off use of herbal products over the next 2 weeks.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rationale:
1. Option B is correct because the nurse should prioritize patient safety by ensuring the healthcare provider is informed of all products taken to prevent potential interactions.
2. Option A is incorrect as discussing cost is not the priority when patient safety is at risk.
3. Option C is incorrect as abruptly stopping all herbal products can lead to adverse effects without healthcare provider guidance.
4. Option D is incorrect as tapering off herbal products should also be done under healthcare provider supervision to monitor for any adverse reactions.
Which of the following permeation processes mediated the man's intestinal absorption of ethanol?
- A. Aqueous diffusion
- B. Bulk flow transport
- C. Facilitated diffusion
- D. Active transport
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Ethanol, being a small, nonpolar molecule, is likely absorbed through aqueous diffusion across the intestinal membrane.
What is the expected therapeutic outcome of the simultaneous administration of two medications?
- A. The adverse effects of one of the drugs are nullified by the other drug.
- B. The combined effects are greater than the effects of either one of the drugs alone
- C. One of the drugs enhances metabolism, while the other drug enhances either distribution or absorption.
- D. Both drugs are toxic in isolation but therapeutic when administered together.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: The combined effects are greater than the effects of either one of the drugs alone. When two medications are administered simultaneously, they may work synergistically to produce a greater therapeutic effect than each drug would achieve individually. This is known as a therapeutic synergy. By combining the actions of the drugs, the overall treatment outcome can be more effective.
Incorrect choices:
A: The adverse effects of one of the drugs are nullified by the other drug - This is incorrect because therapeutic outcomes focus on positive effects, not negating adverse effects.
C: One of the drugs enhances metabolism, while the other drug enhances either distribution or absorption - This is incorrect as it does not address the overall therapeutic outcome of the combination.
D: Both drugs are toxic in isolation but therapeutic when administered together - This is incorrect as therapeutic outcomes aim for positive effects, not relying on toxicity for efficacy.
Actions taken to reduce drug-drug interaction problems include all of the following EXCEPT:
- A. Reducing the dose of one of the drugs
- B. Scheduling their administration at different times
- C. Prescribing a third drug to counteract the adverse reaction of the combination
- D. Reducing the dosage of both drugs
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because prescribing a third drug to counteract the adverse reaction of the combination does not address the root cause of the drug-drug interaction. It may lead to further complications and potentially more interactions. Reducing the dose of one drug (A) or both drugs (D) and scheduling their administration at different times (B) are effective strategies to minimize drug-drug interactions by adjusting the dosing regimen.
The nurse is explaining drug action to a nursing student. Which statement made by the nurse is correct?
- A. Water-soluble and ionized drugs are quickly absorbed
- B. A drug not bound to protein is an active drug.
- C. Most receptors are found under the cell membran
- D. Toxic effects can result if the trough level is low.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: B: A drug not bound to protein is an active drug.
Rationale: Protein-bound drugs are inactive as they cannot reach target sites. When unbound, drugs can exert pharmacological effects. This is known as the free drug hypothesis. The statement correctly highlights the importance of drug binding to proteins in affecting drug action.
Summary:
A: Water-soluble and ionized drugs are slow to be absorbed due to their inability to cross membranes easily.
C: Receptors are found on the cell membrane, not under it. This statement is inaccurate.
D: Toxic effects are more likely to occur with high trough levels, not low levels.