Nokea
Which of the following can NOT be prevented with a vaccine?
- A. tetanus
- B. pneumococcal meningitis
- C. meningococcal meningitis
- D. listeriosis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: listeriosis. Listeriosis is caused by a bacterium and there is currently no vaccine available for it. Tetanus, pneumococcal meningitis, and meningococcal meningitis, on the other hand, are all preventable with vaccines. Tetanus is prevented by the DTaP vaccine, pneumococcal meningitis by the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, and meningococcal meningitis by the meningococcal vaccine. Therefore, listeriosis is the only condition among the options that cannot be prevented with a vaccine.
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What are the two major divisions of the nervous system?
- A. endocrine and exocrine nervous systems
- B. upper and lower nervous systems
- C. spinal and extremity nervous systems
- D. central and peripheral nervous systems
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The nervous system is divided into the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS), which includes all the nerves outside the CNS. This division is fundamental to understanding how the body processes and responds to information.
A 70-year-old alcoholic patient with acute lethargy, confusion, and incontinence is admitted to the hospital ED. His wife tells you that he fell down the stairs about a month ago, but 'he didn't have a scratch afterward.' She feels that he has become gradually less active and sleepier over the last 10 days or so. Which of the following collaborative interventions will you implement first?
- A. Place on the hospital alcohol withdrawal protocol.
- B. Transfer to radiology for a CT scan.
- C. Insert a retention catheter to straight drainage.
- D. Give phenytoin (Dilantin) 100 mg PO.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A CT scan is needed to rule out a subdural hematoma, which could explain the symptoms.
Mitoxantrone (Novantrone) is being considered as treatment for a patient with progressive-relapsing MS. The nurse explains that a disadvantage of this drug compared with other drugs used for MS is what?
- A. It must be given subcutaneously every day.
- B. It has a lifetime dose limit because of cardiac toxicity.
- C. It is an anticholinergic agent that causes urinary incontinence.
- D. It is an immunosuppressant agent that increases the risk for infection.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Mitoxantrone has a lifetime dose limit due to its potential for cardiac toxicity
Control of temperature, endocrine activity, metabolism, and thirst are functions associated with the:
- A. medulla oblongata
- B. cerebellum
- C. hypothalamus
- D. thalamus
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The hypothalamus regulates temperature, endocrine activity, metabolism, and thirst. The medulla oblongata, cerebellum, thalamus, and cerebrum have different roles. Thus, C is the correct answer.
What best describes the manifestations of OA?
- A. Smaller joints are typically affected first.
- B. There is joint stiffness after periods of inactivity.
- C. Joint stiffness is accompanied by fatigue, anorexia, and weight loss.
- D. Pain and immobility may be aggravated by falling barometric pressure.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: OA stiffness occurs after inactivity.