Nokea
Which of the following cannot be corrected by dialysis:
- A. Elevated creatinine
- B. Hyperkalemia
- C. Anaemia
- D. Hypernatremia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Dialysis corrects biochemical imbalances in renal failure. Elevated creatinine (choice A) is cleared, reducing toxicity. Hyperkalemia (choice B) is adjusted by potassium removal. Anemia (choice C) persists, as dialysis doesn't replace erythropoietin or red cells, requiring separate treatment. Hypernatremia (choice D) is managed by fluid/sodium balance. C is correct, dialysis limitation. Nurses monitor hemoglobin, administer erythropoietin, and coordinate care, addressing anemia beyond dialysis.
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Mr. Gary refuses pork-based medication because of his religious belief. This is an example of?
- A. Culture
- B. Illness
- C. Disability
- D. Risk factor
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Refusing pork-based meds due to religion is culture (A) beliefs shaping health choices, per cultural competence. Illness (B) is disease, disability (C) function loss, risk factor (D) predisposition not belief-based. A reflects how culture influences care decisions, making it correct.
When recording blood pressure, the sounds which can be heard with a stethoscope placed over the artery is termed as:
- A. Wheeze
- B. Murmurs
- C. Crackle sounds
- D. Korotkoff sounds
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Blood pressure measurement involves listening to arterial sounds via a stethoscope as the cuff deflates. These sounds, known as Korotkoff sounds, occur in five phases, starting with a tapping (systolic pressure) and fading to silence (diastolic pressure). Wheezes are respiratory sounds, murmurs relate to heart valves, and crackles indicate lung fluid none apply to blood pressure. Named after Nikolai Korotkoff, these sounds are a cornerstone of manual blood pressure assessment, ensuring accurate readings essential for diagnosing hypertension or hypotension, reflecting cardiovascular health.
Which one of the following is the commonest side effects of copper-T :
- A. Pain
- B. Bleeding
- C. Perforation
- D. Ectopic pregnancy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Copper-T, an intrauterine device (IUD), has known side effects, with bleeding being the most frequent. Pain (choice A) occurs, especially during insertion or cramping, but it's typically transient. Bleeding (choice B), including heavier periods or spotting, affects most users due to copper's inflammatory effect on the endometrium, often leading to discontinuation. Perforation (choice C) is rare, occurring in <1/1000 insertions, and ectopic pregnancy (choice D) is a serious but uncommon risk, as IUDs primarily prevent intrauterine implantation. B is correct, as clinical data consistently show bleeding as the commonest complaint. Nurses must educate patients on expected bleeding patterns, monitor for anemia, and assess when intervention (e.g., removal) is needed, ensuring informed use of this contraceptive method.
Which of the following statement is NOT true about complementary therapy?
- A. Used with conventional medicine
- B. Includes acupuncture
- C. Always replaces medical treatment
- D. May improve well-being
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Complementary therapy pairs with medicine (A), includes acupuncture (B), may improve well-being (D) 'always replaces' (C) isn't true, it's adjunctive, per definition. C's replacement fails, making it untrue.
While listening to a client's lung sounds, you hear something that you believe is not normal, and you note that it is a continuous sound. You will chart this as which of the following findings?
- A. crackles
- B. Rales
- C. adventitious sounds
- D. pleral friction rub
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Continuous abnormal lung sounds are charted as adventitious, encompassing wheezes or rubs, unlike intermittent crackles or rales. Pleural rub is specific. Nurses document this for respiratory evaluation.