Nokea
Which of the following characteristics of mumps infection is NOT true:
- A. Only the person can be infected
- B. Is a vaccine-preventable disease
- C. Is a highly contagious disease
- D. Transmission routes are via air droplets and direct contact
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Mumps is a contagious disease transmitted through air droplets and direct contact.
2. The correct answer is A because mumps can infect both humans and animals.
3. Choice B is incorrect as mumps is vaccine-preventable.
4. Choice C is correct as mumps is highly contagious.
5. Choice D is accurate as mumps is transmitted via air droplets and direct contact.
Summary:
The correct answer is A because mumps can infect both humans and animals, making it untrue that only humans can be infected. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as mumps is vaccine-preventable, highly contagious, and transmitted through air droplets and direct contact.
You may also like to solve these questions
Which of the following is a host-dependent bacterium?
- A. Mycoplasma
- B. Ureaplasma
- C. Rickettsia
- D. Micrococcus
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Rickettsia. Rickettsia is a host-dependent bacterium because it requires living cells of a host organism to survive and replicate. This bacterium is an obligate intracellular pathogen, meaning it cannot grow outside of a host cell.
A: Mycoplasma and B: Ureaplasma are not host-dependent as they can grow and reproduce in cell-free environments due to possessing their own unique cell wall structures.
D: Micrococcus is a free-living bacterium that can survive and reproduce independently without relying on a host organism.
Which of the following sites of the human body does not have a normal flora?
- A. Intestine
- B. Skin
- C. Vagina
- D. Blood
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Blood. Normal flora refers to the microorganisms that naturally inhabit specific areas of the body. Blood is considered a sterile environment in healthy individuals, meaning it does not harbor any microorganisms under normal circumstances. In contrast, the intestine, skin, and vagina all have normal flora as they provide suitable environments for various microbial species to thrive. The presence of normal flora in these sites helps maintain a balance and protect against pathogenic invaders. Blood, being a vital and sterile fluid, is not meant to have any resident microbial populations.
Which staining method is used for proving the formation of spores
- A. Klett and Gins
- B. Ziehl-Neelsen
- C. Gram and Loeffler's
- D. Moeller
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Moeller. Moeller staining method is specifically designed to detect spores due to its ability to differentiate between the spore and the vegetative cell. It involves applying multiple stains such as malachite green, safranin, and heat to visualize the endospore structure. This method is essential for proving the formation of spores as it highlights the resistant spore structures within the bacterial cell.
A: Klett and Gins is not used for spore staining.
B: Ziehl-Neelsen is used for acid-fast staining, not spore staining.
C: Gram and Loeffler's are used for gram staining, not spore staining.
Researchers of a bacteriological laboratory examine tinned meat for botulinic toxin. For this purpose a group of mice was injected with an extract of the material under examination and antitoxic antibotulinic serum of A, B, E types. A control group of mice was injected with the same extract but without antibotulinic serum. What serological reaction was applied?
- A. Neutralization
- B. Precipitation
- C. Complement binding
- D. Double immune diffusion
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Neutralization. In this experiment, the researchers used antitoxic antibotulinic serum of different types to neutralize the botulinic toxin in tinned meat extract injected into mice. Neutralization is the process of rendering a toxin harmless by combining it with specific antibodies. The purpose of injecting the antitoxic serum was to neutralize the toxin and prevent it from causing harm to the mice. This serological reaction of neutralization directly aligns with the objective of the experiment.
Summary of other choices:
B: Precipitation - Precipitation involves the formation of a visible insoluble complex when an antigen reacts with its corresponding antibody. This process was not described in the scenario.
C: Complement binding - Complement binding involves the activation of the complement system by antigen-antibody complexes. This was not the main focus of the experiment described.
D: Double immune diffusion - This technique is used to detect the presence of specific antigens or antibodies
The presence of specific antibodies in the reaction inhibition of hemagglutination is visualized by the;
- A. Absence of hemolysis
- B. Absence of hemagglutination
- C. Presence of hemagglutination
- D. Presence of hemolysis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Absence of hemagglutination. In the reaction inhibition of hemagglutination, specific antibodies bind to antigens on red blood cells, preventing their agglutination. This results in the absence of visible clumping of red blood cells, which is known as hemagglutination. Therefore, the presence of specific antibodies is visualized by the absence of hemagglutination.
Incorrect Choices:
A: Absence of hemolysis - Hemolysis refers to the rupture of red blood cells, which is not relevant in the context of hemagglutination.
C: Presence of hemagglutination - This is the opposite of what is expected when specific antibodies are present and inhibiting hemagglutination.
D: Presence of hemolysis - Again, hemolysis is not directly related to the inhibition of hemagglutination by specific antibodies.