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Which of the following characterizes peer group relationships in 8- and 9-year-olds?
- A. Activities organized around competitive games
- B. Loyalty and strong same-sex friendships
- C. Informal socialization between boys and girls
- D. Shared activities with one best friend
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: At 8-9 years, children form strong same-sex friendships with loyalty, often engaging in group activities that reinforce social bonds.
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A mother tells the nurse that her daughter has become quite a collector, filling her room with Beanie babies, dolls, and stuffed animals. The nurse recognizes that the child is developing:
- A. Object permanence
- B. Post-conventional thinking
- C. Concrete operational thinking
- D. Pre-operational thinking
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Collecting items reflects concrete operational thinking, where children (ages 7-11) organize and categorize objects systematically, per Piaget's stages.
If a nurse accidentally punctures a finger with a needle after withdrawing blood from a client, which of the following actions should be carried out first?
- A. Notify a supervisor.
- B. Wash the puncture area with soap and water.
- C. Apply pressure to the wound.
- D. File an incident/injury report.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Washing the puncture with soap and water (B) is the first step to reduce infection risk. Other actions (A, C, D) follow.
A client in restraints is assigned to a newly graduated nurse. The nurse understands that which of the following are true regarding restraints? Select all that apply.
- A. Restraints can be chemical, mechanical, or physical.
- B. Children under 9 years of age have a 30-minute time limit in restraints.
- C. Bed rails are a form of restraint if used to prevent the client from leaving the bed.
- D. Restraints must be assessed every 2 hours for proper application and continued need.
- E. Once released, the client may be placed back in restraints for up to 24 hours if needed.
- F. Active listening, diversionary techniques, and reducing stimulation are alternatives to restraints.
Correct Answer: A, C, F
Rationale: Restraints include chemical, mechanical, or physical methods; bed rails are restraints if used to restrict movement; and non-restraint alternatives like active listening are preferred. Pediatric time limits and reassessment frequency vary by policy, and reapplication requires new orders.
A client with AIDS has a viral load of 200 copies per ml. The nurse should interpret this finding as:
- A. The client is at risk for opportunistic diseases.
- B. The client is no longer communicable.
- C. The client's viral load is extremely low so he is relatively free of circulating virus.
- D. The client's T-cell count is extremely low.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A viral load of 200 copies/ml is low, indicating effective treatment and minimal circulating virus.
The nurse is conducting a physical examination of a client's abdomen. Place the examination techniques listed below (Roman numerals) in the correct sequence, from first to last.
- A. Percussion
- B. Palpation
- C. Inspection
- D. Auscultation
Correct Answer: C,D,A,B
Rationale: Abdominal exam sequence: Inspection (III) first, then auscultation (IV) before percussion (I) and palpation (II) to avoid altering bowel sounds.