Nokea
Which of the following characterizes the biologic nature of carcinoid tumors (argentaffinomas)?
- A. benign but produce systemic symptoms
- B. production of systemic symptoms when they metastasize to the liver
- C. especially malignant when primary in the appendix
- D. production of jejunal ulceration due to gastrin elaboration
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice B is correct:
1. Carcinoid tumors can produce systemic symptoms due to the release of bioactive substances.
2. Metastasis to the liver can lead to the production of systemic symptoms like flushing and diarrhea.
3. This systemic symptom production is a characteristic feature of carcinoid tumors.
4. Choice B accurately describes the biologic nature of carcinoid tumors in relation to systemic symptoms.
Summary of why other choices are incorrect:
A: Carcinoid tumors can be malignant and produce systemic symptoms, so they are not always benign.
C: Carcinoid tumors originating in the appendix are typically associated with a more favorable prognosis.
D: Jejunal ulceration due to gastrin elaboration is more commonly seen in gastrinomas, not carcinoid tumors.
You may also like to solve these questions
Bile facilitates digestion by causing the _____ of fats.
- A. hydrolysis
- B. digestion
- C. catalysis
- D. emulsification
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Bile facilitates digestion by emulsifying fats, breaking them down into smaller droplets for better absorption. Emulsification increases the surface area of fats for enzymes to work on. Hydrolysis (A) is the breakdown of molecules by adding water, not specific to fats. Digestion (B) is a general term encompassing all processes, not specific to fats. Catalysis (C) refers to the process of speeding up chemical reactions but doesn't specifically relate to fats like emulsification does.
Treatment of the patient with appendicitis includes:
- A. Transfusion to replace blood loss.
- B. Bowel prep for cleansing.
- C. Surgical removal of appendix.
- D. Medications to lower pH within the stomach.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Surgical removal of appendix. Appendicitis is inflammation of the appendix, which requires surgical intervention (appendectomy) to prevent rupture and potential life-threatening complications. Transfusion (A) is not a standard treatment for appendicitis unless severe bleeding occurs post-surgery. Bowel prep (B) is unnecessary for appendicitis treatment as it is not related to colon cleansing. Medications to lower stomach pH (D) are used to treat conditions like acid reflux, not appendicitis. In summary, surgical removal of the inflamed appendix is the definitive treatment for appendicitis to prevent complications.
The stomach, small intestine and large intestine are lined by this epithelium.
- A. simple squamous
- B. stratified squamous
- C. simple columnar
- D. pseudostratified columnar
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: simple columnar epithelium. This type of epithelium is found in the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. Simple columnar epithelium is ideal for absorption and secretion due to its tall, column-like shape and presence of microvilli. It provides a large surface area for nutrient absorption. Simple squamous epithelium (choice A) is thin and is found in areas where filtration or diffusion occurs, like the lungs. Stratified squamous epithelium (choice B) is found in areas subject to mechanical stress, such as the skin. Pseudostratified columnar epithelium (choice D) is typically found in the respiratory tract and has cilia for moving mucus.
Where does the digestion of proteins begin?
- A. Mouth
- B. Stomach
- C. Small intestine
- D. Large intestine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Stomach. Protein digestion begins in the stomach where the enzyme pepsin is secreted. Pepsin breaks down proteins into smaller peptides. This process is aided by the acidic environment of the stomach. In contrast, the mouth primarily starts the digestion of carbohydrates through the enzyme salivary amylase. The small intestine is where further breakdown and absorption of nutrients occur, not the initial digestion of proteins. The large intestine is mainly responsible for absorbing water and electrolytes, not digestion.
Priority Decision: A patient treated for vomiting is to begin oral intake when the symptoms have subside To promote rehydration
- A. the nurse plans to administer which fluid first?
- B. Water
- C. Hot tea
- D. Gatorade
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: The priority is to administer fluids to rehydrate the patient.
Step 2: Intravenous fluids are not mentioned, so the nurse should start with oral fluids.
Step 3: Option A is the most appropriate choice as it addresses the need for fluid intake to promote rehydration.
Step 4: Water (Option B) lacks electrolytes that aid in rehydration.
Step 5: Hot tea (Option C) may irritate the stomach and not provide adequate hydration.
Step 6: Gatorade (Option D) contains electrolytes but may be too heavy for initial rehydration.